,,MUSIC ,,BRAILLE ,,CODE
                 #AIIG




    ,DEVELOPED UNDER THE ,SPONSORSHIP
      OF THE ,,BRAILLE ,,AUTHORITY
         ,,OF ,,NORTH ,,AMERICA




             ,IN #E ,VOLUMES
               ,VOLUME #B
       ,BRAILLE ,PAGES P#A-P#D @&
                #HI-AHD
          ,PRINT ,PAGES #FA-ADH 


                                     P#A        ,,SPECIAL ,,SYMBOLS ,,US$
            ,,9 ,,? ,,VOLUME

7P47 7PR9T7
7B47 7BRL7
,5 ,NOTES PR9T$ 9 SMALL TYPE


















                 ,,3T5TS
,SEC;N                             ,PAGE
#G4 ,! ,GR\P+ ( ,NOTES """"""""""""" #FA
  ,IRREGUL> ,NOTE-,GR\P+ """"""""""" #FF
#H4 ,9T]VALS """"""""""""""""""""""" #FI
  ,T"O ,CLU/]S """"""""""""""""""""" #GC
  ,D\BL+ ( ,9T]VALS """""""""""""""" #GD
  ,! ,MOV+-,NOTE ,SIGN """"""""""""" #GF
#I4 ,! ,TIE """""""""""""""""""""""" #GI
#AJ4 ,IN-,A3ORD & ,M1SURE-,DIVI.N
      ,SIGNS """"""""""""""""""""""" #HE
#AA4 ,/EM ,SIGNS """"""""""""""""""" #HI
#AB4 ,! ,SLUR """""""""""""""""""""" #IA
#AC4 ,NOTE-,REPETI;N & ,TREMOLO """" #II
#AD4 ,F+]+ """""""""""""""""""""""" #AJA
#AE4 ,ORNA;TS """"""""""""""""""""" #AJC
#AF4 ,REP1TS """""""""""""""""""""" #AJE
  ,"P-,M1SURE ,REP1TS """"""""""""" #AJE
  ,M1SURE ,REP1TS """"""""""""""""" #AAE
  ,"PIAL ,A2REVI,N """"""""""""""" A#ABJ
  ,! ,SEGNO """""""""""""""""""""" A#ABD
  ,! ,BRL ,USE ( ,DA ,CAPO """"""" A#ABF
  ,REP1TS ) ,M1SURE ,NUMB]S """"""" #ABG
  PR9T ,REP1TS """"""""""""""""""" #ABH
                                     P#C  ,SEQU;E ,A2REVI,N """"""""""""""" #ABI
  ,P>ALLEL ,MOVE;T """""""""""""""" #ACA
#AG4 ,V>IANTS """"""""""""""""""""" #ACE
  ,V>IANTS 9 ,PR9T ,TYPE """""""""" #ACE
  ,V>IANT ,R1D+S """""""""""""""""" #ACG
#AH4 ,NU.ES """"""""""""""""""""""" #ADA


















           ,,MUSIC ,,BRL ,,CODE       #FA
                 #AIIG

      #G4 ,,! ,,GR\P+ ,,( ,,NOTES
               7,TA# #G7

  4 ,! GR\P+ ( #AF?S1 ETC41 IS (
NECESS;Y "S:AT DI6]5T 9 BRL F T ( PR9T1
& X IS N ALW POSSI# 6GIVE AN ACTUAL
FACSIMILE REPRODUC;N (! LATT]4
  #G.B4 ,! G5]AL PR9CIPLE ( BRL
NOTE-GR\P+ IS 6WRITE ! F/ NOTE (! GR\P 9
XS TRUE VALUE1 ! REMA9+ NOTES 2+ GIV5 Z
EI<?S3

  ,EXAMPLE #G.B-A4 .C
"YEFG(IJDZDJI(GFE<K

& IF A RE/ ( EQUAL VALUE TAKES ! PLACE
(! F/ NOTE (A GR\P1 ! SAME ME?OD IS US$4

  ,EXAMPLE #G.B-B4 #C4
M"FGHMGHIMHIJ<K

           #G4 ,GR\P+ ( NOTES        #HI  #G.C4 ,? ME?OD ( NOTE-GR\P+ IS    A#FA
SUBJECT 6C]TA9 3DI;NS3
    #G.C.A4 ,X IS BETT] N 6USE ? ME?OD
:5 ! GR\P 3TA9S A RE/1 EV5 (! SAME
VALUE1 ON ANY O!R NOTE B ! F/4
-------------------------------------#FB
  ,EXAMPLE #G.C.A-A4
        #C4
"YMZ&=(M!)YZM<K

    7,AN ALT]NATE V].N ( ? PASSAGE IS
GIV5 9 ,EXAMPLE #G.C.F-A47

    #G.C.B4 ,GR\P+ %D N 2 US$ IF ! GR\P
_C 2 -PLET$ 9 ! L9E 9 : X 2G9S4

  ,EXAMPLE #G.C.B-A4 #I8
"Y.D<"E<.E*"E*.E<"&<.&<"!<.!"
  <")<.).Y;D"J.J"I.I<K

    #G.C.C4 ,X %D N 2 US$ IF ! GR\P IS
FOLL[$ ON ! SAME L9E & 9 ! SAME M1SURE
0AN EI<? OR DOTT$ EI<? 7B SEE ,EXAMPLE
#AJ.A-A1 M1SURE #B74
  7,NOTE ! DI6];E ( TR1T;T ON ! SECONDB1T ( BO? M1SURES 9 ! FOLL[+        A#FB
EXAMPLE47
-------------------------------------#FC
  ,EXAMPLE #G.C.C-A4 #D4
M"DEF=Z&YH.DJD Z"HIJYIJH"
  .EHGH<K

    #G.C.D4 ,? ME?OD %D N 2 US$ IF !
GR\P IS R5D]$ 9COMPLETE 0NOTES OR RE/S (
DI6]5T VALUE4

    ,EXAMPLE #G.C.D-A4 #I8
"YEFGHI(=FE&YXX<K

    #G.C.E4 ,X %D N 2 US$ IF = ANY R1SON
! GR\P IS 9T]RUPT$ 0! MUSIC HYPH54

  ,EXAMPLE #G.C.E-A4 #I8
"YEFGHI)Y" #D< .ZY)!(IJHFE<K
-------------------------------------#FD
    #G.C.F4 ,":1 Z 9 ,EXAMPLE #G.C.A-A
ABV1 ! GR\P+ IS N V CLE>1 ! SIGN ,'<1
;2%D 2 US$4

              #G.C--#G.C.F           #IA  ,EXAMPLE #G.C.F-A4                A#FD
          #C4
"YMZ&<1=(M!<1)YZM<K

    7,SEE AL ,EXAMPLE #I.D-A47

  #G.D4 ,9 S* A CASE Z ! FOLL[+1 ":
SYNCOPAT$ EI<?S MI<T 2 MISTAK5 = #AF?S1
! VALUE SIGNS M/ 2 US$1 Z 0 SD 9 ,P>4
#A.A1 6SEP>ATE ! NOTES ( DI6]5T VALUE4

  ,EXAMPLE #G.D-A4 #B4
.&^<1EDJ! \V<K

  #G.E4 ,! NATURE (! BRL EI<? SIGN R5D]S
X IMPOSSI# 69DICATE ! PR9T GR\P+ ( EI<?S
)\T ! USE1 ( ,'<1 ;2&1 9 3SEQU;E1 S*
GR\P+ IS IGNOR$ UN.S X CROSSES EI ! B1T
OR ! B> L9E4 ,:5 ! BRL MUSIC -MA IS
NE$$1 X IS PLAC$ AT ! 2G9N+ (A GR\P1 &
IF ! NOTES : FOLL[ >E (! SAME VALUE &
GR\P !MVS OBVI\SLY 9 NORMAL FA%ION1 !
-MA MAY 2 US$ Z A T]M9ATOR4 ,H["E1 IF !
FOLL[+ NOTES ( L VALUE CD !MVS 2 MISTAK5
Z UNUSUAL GR\P+1 A MODIFI$ -MA ISUS$1 ^: M1N+ Z A T]M9ATOR IS        B#FD
UNEQUIVOCAL4 ,! MUSIC -MA 2COMES AN
UNDISPUT$ T]M9ATOR 0A4+ DOT #C 6X4 7,SEE
,G5]AL ,TA#47 ,IF S* A GR\P IS IMMLY
FOLL[$ 0A RE/ OR 0A NOTE ( DI6]5T VALUE1
NO T]M9,N SIGN IS NE$$4
-------------------------------------#FE
  ,EXAMPLE #G.E-A4 #C4
X<1.DJIH<1I HGF<1GFE<K

  ,EXAMPLE #G.E-B4 #C4
X<1.DJIH<1I HGF<1GFE D<1EDJ<1'DF
  "H.D"HFDJ N'<K

    #G.E.A4 ,IF ,EXAMPLE #G.E-B _H BE5
WRITT5 9 #C/H "T1 X WD H APPE>$ Z
FOLL[S1 ! NORMAL BRL GR\P+ 2+ RETA9$ &!
ABNORMAL PR9T GR\P+ 2+ %[N 0! BRL MUSIC
-MA4 ,?US ! UNUSUAL GR\P+ ( NOTES SMALL]
?AN EI<?S IS 9DEP5D5T (! NORMAL BRL
GR\P+ DEVICE4 ,BO? GR\P+S MAY 2 US$ )\T
9T]F];E ) "O ANO!R4


              #G.D--#G.E.A           #IC  ,EXAMPLE #G.E.A-A4 #C8            A#FE
M<1.DJIH<1I (GF<1GFE<K
-------------------------------------#FF

    ,IRREGUL> ,NOTE-,GR\P+ 7,TA# #G74
  #G.F4 ,X W 2 NOT$ T AM;G ! SIGNS GIV5
9 ,TA# #G1 ! TRIPLET IS %[N 9 TWO =MS1
7A7 & 7B74 7A7 IS ! =M : IS M G5],Y US$1
7B7 2+ RES]V$ = USE :5 A TRIPLET 3TA9S A
TRIPLET ( SMALL] VALUE ON "O ( XS NOTES4

  ,EXAMPLE #G.F-A4
       7A7 #D4
2"IJD :2EDJ.$2F%GH O'<K

       7B7 #D<.C
.?2.IHG2GFE2_3'Z&ZDJ<K

    #G.F.A4 ,X IS AL BETT] 6USE 7B7 =
TRIPLETS : O3UR 9 3JUNC;N ) IRREGUL>
GR\PS ( DI6]5T VALUE3

  ,EXAMPLE #G.F.A-A4 #F8
_6'"(IJDEF_3'"=I.E_6'"&GHIJD"
  _3'"ZGJ<K    #G.F.B4 ,^! SIGNS C 2 D\#D1 B   A#FF
9 ! CASE ( ,'_3' ;2ETC41 X IS UNNEC 6USE
DOT #C AF ! F/ (! D\#D SIGNS4
-------------------------------------#FG
  ,EXAMPLE #G.F.B-A4 <<<#C4
.W 22HJIHGFEDJ IHGFED2JDE<K

  ,EXAMPLE #G.F.B-B4 %#D4
_7_7'"&HJDEDJ!DFGHGF"ZGIJDJI"
  _7'"(J%EFGFE<K

  #G.G4 ,X IS USUAL 69DICATE IRREGUL>
GR\PS 9 ! PR9T 0M>K+ !M )! APPROPRIATE
NUMB] 9 A4I;N 6GR\P+ !M )A LIGATURE1 B !
NUMB] IS "S"TS OMITT$4 ,:ILE X IS POSSI#
6%[ ? GR\P+ 9 BRL 9 ! CASE ( #AF?S1
#CBNDS1 & #FD?S1 )\T ! USE (! SIGNS 9
,TA# #G1 X IS IMPOSSI# 6D S ) EI<?S &
#ABH?S 7SAVE 0! USE ( ,'<1_7 & 9 3SEQU;E
! SIGNS 9 ,TA# #G M/ ALW 2 US$1 EV5 :5 !
CORRESPOND+ NUMB]S D N APPE> 9 ! PR9T4



               #G.F--#G.G            #IE                                     #FH























              #H4 ,,9T]VALS           #FI
               7,TA# #H7

  #H.A4 ,:5 TWO OR M NOTES (! SAME VALUE
>E S.D$ TGR1 =M+ A *ORD1 "O NOTE ONLY IS
WRITT5 AC 6,TA# #A1 ! REMA9D] 2+
REPRES5T$ 0! SIGNS 9 ,TA# #H : 9DICATE
_! 4T.E1 OR 9T]VAL1 F ! WRITT5 NOTE4
  #H.B4 ,! DIREC;N 9 : 9T]VALS >E 6BE
R1D 7UPW>D OR D[NW>D F ! WRITT5 NOTE7
DEP5DS V M* ON ! 9/RU;T = : ! MUSIC IS
WRITT51 & ON ! 4POSI;N (! SCORE4 ,9
G5]AL1 X MAY 2 SD T ! MELODY &! BASS %D
EA* APPE> Z WRITT5 NOTES4 ,": CLEF SIGNS
>E US$1 ! TRE# CLEF IMPLIES A D[NW>D
R1D+ &! BASS CLEF AN UPW>D R1D+ (
9T]VALS4
  7,:5 X IS DESIR$ 6REV]SE ! USUAL
NORMAL PRACTICE 9 R1D+ 9T]VALS &
IN-A3ORDS 9 ANY "P1 "O (! FOLL[+ 9DIC,NS

           7Y/ EQUALS Y<>Z<K7
           7Y/ EQUALS Y<>)<K7

              #H4 ,9T]VALS           #IG%D 2 PLAC$ AT ! 2G9N+ (! PIECE4     A#FI
,":
NEC1 ? 9DIC,N C 2 PREC$$ 0A H& SIGN1 !
9ITIALS ( AN 9/RU;T1 ETC47

  ,EXAMPLE #H.B-A4 #D4
.>.?0 "W+[+\#\9 "[0W#?0<K
_>_?9 _$+]9\+$0 _]+:+?9<K

      7,SEE AL ,P>4 #BJ.D1 #BF.H1
      #BH.AA--#BH.AB47
-------------------------------------#GJ
  #H.C4 ,:5 ! WRITT5 NOTE IS DOTT$1 X IS
N NEC 6PLACE DOTS AF ANY 9T]VALS 7B SEE
,EXAMPLE #H.H.D-A74

  ,EXAMPLE #H.C-A4 #D4
.>.?'0E9F'+=+F'+Z9
.?''0"(+\+V<K

  #H.D4 ,9T]VALS L>G] ?AN ! OCTAVE >E
EXPRESS$ 0! SAME S]IES ( SIGNS PREC$$
0AN APPROPRIATE OCTAVE M>K1 ! #I?
CORRESPOND+ 6! #BND1 ! #AJ? 6! #CRD1 & S
ON4  ,EXAMPLE #H.D-A4 #C4              A#GJ
.>.\_0\_3]_9 .P'"+<K

  #H.E4 ,! OCTAVE RULES = *ORDS ( M ?AN
TWO NOTES >E Z FOLL[S3
    #H.E.A4 ,IF M ?AN "O 9T]VAL FOLL[S
! WRITT5 NOTE1 NO OCTAVE M>K IS NE$$ S
L;G Z ANY TWO ADJAC5T 9T]VALS >E LESS
?AN AN OCTAVE A"P4

  ,EXAMPLE #H.E-A4 #C4
.>.\-0\-3]39 .P'0+<K
-------------------------------------#GA

  ,EXAMPLE #H.E-B4 #C4
.>.\-#0\9+3]+39 .P'+0+<K

    #H.E.B4 ,IF ANY TWO ADJAC5T 9T]VALS
>E AN OCTAVE OR M A"P1 ! SECOND 9T]VAL
M/ H XS PROP] OCTAVE M>K4

  ,EXAMPLE #H.E.B-A4 #C4
.>.\#_0\9_3]+_9 .P'+"+<K

              #H.C--#H.E.B           #II    #H.E.C4 ,IF AN 9T]VAL =MS A     A#GA
UNISON )! WRITT5 NOTE1 X IS %[N Z AN
OCTAVE PREC$$ 0XS PROP] OCTAVE M>K4
-------------------------------------#GB
  ,EXAMPLE #H.E.C-A4 #C4
.>.\.-_0\9_3]+_9 .P'.-"+<K

    #H.E.D4 ,IF AN 9T]VAL =MS A UNISON
) ANO!R 9T]VAL ! SECOND 9T]VAL M/ H XS
PROP] OCTAVE M>K4
  7,N4,B4 ,9 ! LA/ TWO *ORDS (! FOLL[+
EXAMPLE ! 9N] "PS =M AN OCTAVE 9 ! "O
CASE &A UNISON 9 ! O!R74
-------------------------------------#GC
  ,EXAMPLE #H.E.D-A4 #C4
.>.\-0_0\+"93]+"+9 .P'0"0+<K

    #H.E.E4 ,:5 TWO "PS REPRES5T$
09T]VALS CROSS "O ANO!R 9 A *ORD1 EA*
NOTE T IS1 S 6SP1K1 8\ ( PLACE0 M/ H XS
PROP] OCTAVE M>K1 ! WRITT5 ORD] (! "PS
H["E REMA9+ UN*ANG$4

  ,EXAMPLE #H.E.E-A4 #C4
.>.\-#0\"9"+3]"+"39 .P'0+"+<K                                    A#GC
    ,T"O ,CLU/]S
  #H.F4 ,T"O CLU/]S >E NOTAT$ 9 _M
DI6]5T WAYS1 B USU,Y ! TOP & BOTTOM
PIT*ES >E WRITT5 Z IF !Y >E PIT*ES 9 A
*ORD4 ,2T ! TWO PIT*ES1 A V]TICAL L9E1
BOX1 ?ICK B>1 OR O!R %APE 9DICATES !
CLU/]4 ,A3ID5TALS OR PR9T$ ^WS MAY OR
MAY N A3OMPANY ! CLU/]4
    #H.F.A4 ,AC 6! PROP] DIREC;N (
9T]VALS1 ! TOP OR BOTTOM PIT* IS WRITT5
FOLL[$ 0! CLU/] SIGN & AN 9T]VAL SIGN
%[+ ! O!R \TSIDE PIT*4

  ,EXAMPLE #H.F.A-A4
7A7 _>'*^I^*B*-
7B7 .>.\^%B"/
7C7 .>.Q^5B-
-------------------------------------#GD

    ,D\BL+ ( ,9T]VALS
  #H.G4 ,:5 M ?AN ?REE SU3ESSIVE NOTES
>E FOLL[$ 0! SAME 9T]VAL OR 9T]VALS N
MODIFI$ 0A3ID5TALS OR O!R SIGNS1 S*
              #H.E.C--#H.G          #AJA9T]VALS MAY 2 D\#D4                 A#GD

  ,EXAMPLE #H.G-A4 #D4
_>^D--EFGHIJH _DJIHGFED-<K

    #H.G.A4 ,IF1 DUR+ A PASSAGE ( S*
D\BL+1 ANY D\#D 9T]VAL1 EXCEPT =
OCTAVES1 IS MODIFI$1 ! D\BL+ ( T 9T]VAL
M/ 2 RE-M>K$ ": ! A3ID5TAL O3URS IF XS
3T9U.E IS JU/IFI$4 ,?US1 ! D\BL+ ( AN
9T]VAL MAY 2 9ITIAT$1 Z WELL Z RE-M>K$1
AT ! PO9T ( MODIFIC,N1 PROVID$ T !
MODIFI$1 D\#D 9T]VAL IS FOLL[$ 0AT L1/
?REE UNMODIFI$1 L 9T]VALS4 ,D\BL+ : IS 9
PROGRESS M/ AL 2 RE/AT$ :5 YET ANO!R
9T]VAL W>RANTS D\BL+ "U ! USUAL 3DI;NS4
,IF1 DUR+ SD PASSAGE1 ANY D\#D 9T]VAL IS
T]M9AT$1 ! D\BL+ ( ANY O!R 9T]VAL %D 2
T]M9AT$ SIMULTANE\SLY1 UN.S XS 3T9U.E IS
JU/IFI$1 9 : CASE ! 9T]VAL IS RED\#D AT
T PO9T1 ?US3

  ,EXAMPLE #H.G.A-A4 #F8
.>"H .D##00JDEFG .HIJDEF
  ;]#00F+]#F+ ;:/%0XV<K                                     #GE
    #H.G.B4 ,:5 GRT]-?AN-OCTAVE 9T]VALS
>E 9VOLV$1 X IS 9ADVISA# 6USE ANY D\BL+
( 9T]VALS :ATSO"E4 ,! NECESS;Y 69S]T
APPROPRIATE OCTAVE M>KS = EA* S* 9T]VAL1
9 ! ABS;E ( 9T]M$I>Y 9T]VALS1 WD USU,Y
NEGATE ANY SUPPOS$ SAV+ ( SPACE4

  ,EXAMPLE #H.G.B-A4 #B4
7POOR7 _>.C^(99D_/Y_/.CY_/D93Y-<K
7GD7   _>.C^(9D9/Y9/.CY9/D93Y-<K

    #H.G.C4 ,9 A PASSAGE ( D\#D OCTAVES
! D\BL+ NE$ N 2 9T]RUPT$ 0! O3URR;E (
A3ID5TALS : WD NORM,Y 2 M>K$ =! OCTAVE Z
WELL Z =! WRITT5 NOTE4

  ,EXAMPLE #H.G.C-A4 <<<#B4
_>'<^\<--$ <^:'<D @J<H*^DI-<K

    #H.G.D4 ,ALL D\BL+ ( 9T]VALS
LEGITIMATELY 9 E6ECT AT ! 5D (! PREVI\S
PAGE %D 2 RE/AT$ AT ! 2G9N+ (A NEW PAGE1
ASSUM+ T AT EA* 9/.E "! >E A SU6ICI5T
             #H.G.A--#H.G.D         #AJCNUMB] ( NOTES 6W>RANT S* D\BL+4     A#GE
,?US1 D\BL+ W N 2 />T$ AT ! BOTTOM (!
PAGE UN.S X C LEGITIMATELY 2 9 E6ECT ON
T PAGE1 NOR W X 2 EMPLOY$ AT ! TOP (!
PAGE IF ! USUAL 3DI;NS D N PREVAIL4
-------------------------------------#GF
    #H.G.E4 ,9 F+]$ MUSIC X IS N ADVISA#
6D\# ANY O!R 9T]VAL ?AN ! OCTAVE UN.S E
NOTE (! PASSAGE IS F+]$ OR UN.S ! F+]+
IS S PLAC$ T "! C 2 NO POSSI# D\BT AB !
NOTES 6: X 2L;GS4
  7,SEE AL ,P>4 #AE.B.A & ,EXAMPLE
#AG.E-A47

    ,! ,MOV+-,NOTE ,SIGN
  #H.H4 ,! MOV+-NOTE DEVICE1 AL?
9FREQU5TLY EMPLOY$1 IS *IEFLY USE;L =
VOCAL MUSIC & KEYBO>D SETT+S ( HYMNS4
,-PLIC,NS ( F+]+1 PHRAS+ & NU.ES R5D] X
UNSUITA# = 9/RU;TAL MUSIC 9 G5]AL4
    #H.H.A4 ,:5 TWO1 OR AT MO/ ?REE1
NOTES ( EQUAL VALUE MOVE 2L OR ABV A
L;G] NOTE1 !Y C 2 WRITT5 Z 9T]VALS
SEP>AT$ 0DOT #F4
  7,IN ! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE ! F/ TWO9T]VALS >E HALVES &! REMA9D]        A#GF
QU>T]S74

  ,EXAMPLE #H.H.A-A4 #D4
.>.(+,9 .R'+,#,9V<K

    #H.H.B4 ,! MOV+-NOTE SIGN C AL 2 US$
:5 TWO OR M 9T]VALS MOVE TGR 9 A SIMIL>
MANN] B 9 ? CASE DOTS #E-F M/ 2
SUB/ITUT$ = DOT #F4

  ,EXAMPLE #H.H.B-A #D4
.>.(+9;9+ .R'+9;#-;9+V<K
-------------------------------------#GG
    #H.H.C4 ,! M>K+ ( OCTAVES 9 ! MOV+
"P IS GOV]N$ 0! RULE GIV5 9 ,P>4 #H.D4
,-P>E 7A7 & 7B7 2L4

  ,EXAMPLE #H.H.C-A4 <<<#F8
7A7 .>.]'-,<+,-$'0,+,*9<K
7B7 .>"G<.E"GH.D*I<K

    #H.H.D4 ,! MOV+-NOTE SIGN C AL 2 US$
=A DOTT$ QU>T] & EI<?1 ETC41 B IS N
             #H.G.E--#H.H.D         #AJERECOMM5D$ = S* A RHY?M Z T %[N AT   A#GG
7B7 2L4

  ,EXAMPLE #H.H.D-A4 #D4
7A7 ,GD3  .>"P+',#Q0',9 "&+<K
7B7 ,BAD3 .>"P+,#'Q0,9' "&+<K

  ,! D\#D MOV+-NOTE SIGN 7DOTS #E-F7 M/
N"E 2 US$ = S* DOTT$ RHY?MS4
-------------------------------------#GH














              #I4 ,,! ,,TIE           #GI
               7,TA# #I7

  #I.A4 ,! TIE IS PLAC$ IMMLY AF ! F/ (!
TWO TI$ NOTES1 OR AF ANY SLUR1 F+]+ OR
TREMOLO 9DIC,NS 3NECT$ ) ? NOTE4 ,X AL
FOLL[S ! DOT 9 ! CASE ( DOTT$ NOTES4
7,SEE AL ,P>4 #AF.I47

  ,EXAMPLE #I.A-A4 %#C4
.:@C :\$ :??@C ?.[.?@C ?W<K

  #I.B4 ,! RULE = TI$ NOTES 9FLECT$
0A3ID5TALS IS ! SAME Z T 9 PR9T1 I4E41
:5 AN 9FLECT$ NOTE IS TI$ OV] A B> L9E !
A3ID5TAL IS N RE-M>K$ 9 ! NEW M1SURE =!
SECOND (! TWO TI$ NOTES1 UN.S ? NOTE IS
ON A DI6]5T /AFF F ! F/4

  ,EXAMPLE #I.B-A4 #C4
.?@C ?W<W@C W[<[@C [\<IG P<K

  #I.C4 ,9 B>-OV]-B> OR OP5 SCORE =MAT1
ALL TIES >E RE/AT$ AT ! 2G9N+ (A NEW
              #I4 ,! ,TIE            #IGP>ALLEL1 &(A NEW PAGE1 Z WELL Z     A#GI
AF A MAJOR 9T]RUP;N1 S* Z A L;G
P>5!TICAL EXPRES.N1 LI<T D\# B>1 VOLTA1
ETC4 ,RE/ATE;T IS UNNEC AT ! -M;E;T (A
RUN-OV] L9E4 ,9 S+LE L9E 9/RU;TAL MUSIC1
RE/ATE;T IS RECOMM5D$ AT ! 2G9N+ (A NEW
SEC;N OR SEG;T4 ,RE/ATE;T IS UNNEC =A
RUN-OV] L9E UN.S X 3/ITUTES ! 2G9N+ (A
PAGE4 ,RE/ATE;T (! TIE 9 VOCAL MUSIC IS
4CUSS$ 9 SEC;N #BB4 ,^! REM9D] TIES
PREC$E ALL O!R SIGNS1 EXCEPT M>G9AL
M1SURE NUMB]S1 H& SIGNS1 CLEFS1 /RA9
REP1TS1 & "T OR KEY SIGNATURES4
-------------------------------------#HJ
  #I.D4 ,Z ! PR9T SIGN =! TIE IS
ID5TICAL ) T =! SLUR1 "S 3FU.N IS LIA#
6O3UR 9 S* A CASE Z ! FOLL[+3

  ,EXAMPLE #I.D-A4 %%#F8
.>;=-<1=1C=L<1=1C=L<1=1C"
  ;=L<1=C=<1=C=<1=<K

    7,"H ! F+]+ 9 ! PR9T %[S T ! SIGN IS
N A TIE B A SLUR GIV+ A SPECIAL E6ECT47
  #I.E4 ,! TIE =A *ORD IS US$ :5M ?AN "O NOTE IS TI$ 2T TWO         A#HJ
*ORDS4 ,9 ! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE 7A7 %[S ! TIE
US$ =A -PLETE *ORD2 7B7 XS USE 2T *ORDS
9 : "S (! NOTES >E N TI$4

  ,EXAMPLE #I.E-A4
     7A7 #D4
.>.N#0-.CD#0-XV<K

     7B7 #D4
.>.N#0-.CN+9-.C .N#93.C"
      "T+@C#0 .Y#0-<K
-------------------------------------#HA
    #I.E.A4 ,IF "O OR M (! NOTES ( TWO
SU3ESSIVE *ORDS >E REP1T$ :ILE ! O!RS
REMA9 TI$1 ! SIGN ,'@C ;2M/ 2 US$ = EA*
TI$ NOTE OR 9T]VAL4

  ,EXAMPLE #I.E.A-A4 #D4
.>.N@C#0-@CN#@C0@C- .Y#0-<K

  #I.F4 ,IF TWO *ORDS >E TI$ 9 A SU3ES.N
( *ORDS WRITT5 ) D\#D 9T]VALS1 ! D\BL+
NE$ N 2 9T]RUPT$4
               #I.D--#I.F            #II  ,EXAMPLE #I.F-A4 #F8              A#HA
.>.D##00.C .DJI.CIH.G.C .GFE?#0<K

  #I.G4 ,! SIGN ,'.C ;2MAY XF 2 D\#D1 B
9 T CASE ! D\BL+ IS %[N Z 9 ! FOLL[+
EXAMPLE4

  ,EXAMPLE #I.G-A4 #D4
.>.N#0.CC .N#3T+0 "T#0S+
  "S+3.CR@C/0 "R+9<K

    7,! RE/ATE;T (A *ORD TIE FOLL[S !
SAME RULES Z ^? GIV5 9 ,P>4 #I.C47
-------------------------------------#HB
  #I.H4 ,9 MUSIC = 9/RU;TS : >E /RUCK1
PLUCK$ OR O!RWISE ACTIVAT$ 0A S+LE
/ROKE1 YET >E CAPA# (A L+]+1 ?\< DY+
S.D1 TIES >E "S"TS US$1 EV5 ?\< FOLL[$
0RE/S4 ,? WD APPLY 6S* P]CUS.N 9/RU;TS Z
*IMES1 TRIANGLES & CYMBALS Z WELL Z /R+
9/RU;TS : >E PLUCK$4 ,:]"E ! PR9T CLE>LY
CALLS =A TIE : TIES 6NO?+1 ! BRL %D
FOLL[ SUIT4
  #I.I4 ,:5 NOTES >E TI$ 6CORRESPOND+
PIT*ES : >E CLE>LY IMPLI$ B NWRITT5 9 ! PR9T COPY1 ! IMPLI$      A#HB
NOTES 9 _! PROP] VALUES %D 2 9DICAT$ 9 !
BRL COPY4 ,9 FACSIMILE TRANSCRIP;N1 AN
A/]ISK 7,TA# #AG7 %D PREC$E S* NOTES1
REF]R+ 6A TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE : MI<T 2 ^W$
Z FOLL[S3 8,?\< ^! NOTES >E N %[N 9 !
PR9T ORIG9AL1 ! 9T5T IS CLE>40

  ,EXAMPLE #I.I-A4
BA .> #F8 @C.:'@C:HC<>@C"S'@C
   _> #F8 .C^O'_+.C<>@C"$H^C.:'
BB .> #D8 ;:"1@C"[.KX>MP.F<K
   _> #D8 .C^:_+"#-*CXX<K

  #I.AJ4 ,! A3UMULAT+ >PE7IO IS WRITT5 Z
%[N 9 ! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE4 ,A *ORD TIE IS
9S]T$ 2T ! LA/ NOTE (! >PE7IO &! RESULT+
*ORD4

  ,EXAMPLE #I.AJ-A4 #D4
7P47 "H@CJ@CE@CGR/#0-<K
7B47 "H^CJEG.CR/#0-<K


              #I.G--#I.AJ           #AJA    #I.AJ.A4 ,! *ORD TIE 9DICATES    #HC
! 5D (! A3UMULAT+ >PE7IO4 ,9 ! FOLL[+
EXAMPLE ! >PE7IO IS N TI$ OV] 6! *ORD4

  ,EXAMPLE #I.AJ.A-A4 #D4
7P47 "H@CJ@CE@CGR/#0-<K
7B47 "H^CJE.CGR/#0-<K
-------------------------------------#HD
















           #AJ4 ,,IN-A3ORD ,,&        #HE
            ,,M1SURE-DIVI.N
                ,,SIGNS
               7,TA# #AJ7

  #AJ.A4 ,:51 DUR+ ! C\RSE (A M1SURE1
TWO OR M SIMULTANE\S "PS _C 2 WRITT5 Z
9T]VALS ) MOV+ NOTES1 !Y >E WRITT5 9
SU3ES.N & JO9$1 )\T 9T]V5+ SPACES1 0!
SIGN ,'<> ;27CALL$ 9 3SEQU;E !
8IN-A3ORD0 SIGN74 ,! OCTAVE M/ ALW 2
M>K$ =! F/ NOTE AF ? SIGN1 & X M/ AL 2
M>K$ AT ! 2G9N+ (A M1SURE FOLL[+ "O 9 :
! IN-A3ORD SIGN HAS BE5 US$1 EV5 IF ?
LATT] M1SURE 3TA9S NO IN-A3ORD SIGN4

  ,EXAMPLE #AJ.A-A4 #B4
.>"HFI'(<>V"DI "G&=(GFE<>"E'YJ!)
  "P+<K

  #AJ.B4 ,! ORD] 9 : ! "PS >E WRITT5 IS
GOV]N$ 0! SAME G5]AL PR9CIPLES Z ^?
FOLL[$ =! WRIT+ ( 9T]VALS1 ! TRE# & BASS
2+ GIV5 PRIOR;Y :5"E POSSI# 7SEE
        #I.AJ.A--#AJ4 ,IN-A3ORDS    #AJC,P>4 #H.B47                         A#HE
  #AJ.C4 ,X FREQU5TLY HAPP5S T A M1SURE
IS TOO L;G OR TOO -PLICAT$ = ? SIMPLE
USE (! IN-A3ORD SIGN & X IS !N ADVISA#
6DIVIDE S* A M1SURE 963V5I5T SEC;NS1 EA*
SEC;N 2+ TR1T$ Z AN ISOLAT$ UNIT (!
M1SURE4 ,! SIGN US$ = ? PURPOSE IS ,'.K
& X JO9S ! SEC;NS ON EI SIDE )\T 9T]V5+
SPACES4 ,! IN-A3ORD SIGN US$ 9 S*
"P-M1SURE SEC;NS IS *ANG$ TO ,'"1 ;2&!
F/ NOTE AF BO? SIGNS M/ H AN OCTAVE M>K4
  #AJ.D4 ,:5 EI ! IN-A3ORD OR
M1SURE-DIVI.N SIGN O3URS AT ! 5D (A L9E
! MUSIC HYPH5 %D N 2 US$4
-------------------------------------#HF
  ,EXAMPLE #AJ.D-A4 #I8
.>.&Z&=H@C(FIHGF"1.?J[%D.K
  .G["1.Z%DEFE*D .ZYZ&G@C=EHGFE"1
  "WI\J.K.F\"1.YJDEDJ<K

  #AJ.E4 ,! SIGNS ,'<>, .K ;2& "1 ;2C 2
-B9$ 9 ! FOLL[+ MANN]3

  ,EXAMPLE #AJ.E-A4 %%#D4
.>.&<>.O#.K.N+"1"$\<K  #AJ.F4 ,A3ID5TALS PREC$+ AN       A#HF
IN-A3ORD SIGN D N A6ECT NOTES 9 ! SAME
M1SURE WRITT5 .AF ! IN-A3ORD SIGN4

  ,EXAMPLE #AJ.F-A4 #C4
.>.?@CYEF%G\<>M"FGH!JDE)IHG<K
-------------------------------------#HG
    #AJ.F.A4 7#AA-IG7 ,! USE (! IN-A3ORD
SIGN1 H["E1 (T5 REQUIRES ! RE-M>K+ (
A3ID5TALS 6AVOID POSSI# ]RORS 9 R1D+4
,S* A4$ A3ID5TALS %D 2 PREC$$ 0DOT #E4

  ,EXAMPLE #AJ.F.A-A4 .C
7P47 .>'%"HJ.FE?'<J<>"$%\"
    "I<JI*H<K
7B47 .>'%"HJ.FE?'"<J<>"$"%\"
    "I<JI*H<K







             #AJ.C--#AJ.F.A         #AJE                                     #HH























            #AA4 ,,/EM ,,SIGNS        #HI
               7,TA# #AA7

  #AA.A4 ,X IS "S"TS DI6ICULT 6R5D]
3CISELY1 0M1NS (! IN-A3ORD SIGN1
PASSAGES 3TA9+ NOTES PR9T$ ) TWO /EMS
9DICAT+ EI ID5TICAL OR DI6]+ VALUES1 &=
? PURPOSE SPECIAL /EM SIGNS >E US$4
  #AA.B4 ,/EM SIGNS >E PLAC$ AF ! NOTES
6: !Y 2L;G1 & MAY N 2 SEP>AT$ F !M 0!
MUSIC HYPH54 ,^! SIGNS MAY 2 DOTT$ 9 !
SAME MANN] Z WRITT5 NOTES1 & !Y MAY 2
MODIFI$ 0! SIGNS 9 ,TA#S #I1 TIES2 #AB1
SLURS2 #AG1 MUSIC P>5!SES & O!R V>IANTS2
&! F/ SEV5 SIGNS 9 ,TA# #AH1 /A3ATOS &
A35TS4

  ,EXAMPLE #AA.B-A4 #C4
"(_AFED"!_AFGE")_B'"EGJ_L
  .Y_K'IHG&GFE$<K

    ,Z /EM SIGNS MAY "S"TS OBSCURE !
MELODIC L9E1 !Y %D 2 US$ ) GRT 4CRE;N4

            #AA4 ,/EM SIGNS         #AJG  ,EXAMPLE #AA.B-B4 #C4             A#HI
7BAD7 .>"(_AFED.K"[J')"1"=HGFZIHG
    .Y_K'IHG&GFE$<K
-------------------------------------#IJ




















             #AB4 ,,! ,,SLUR          #IA
               7,TA# #AB7

  #AB.A4 ,! SIGN ,'C ;2IS US$ =A SLUR
EXT5D+ OV] TWO1 ?REE OR F\R NOTES1 & IS
PLAC$ AF E NOTE (A PHRASE EXCEPT ! LA/4

  ,EXAMPLE #AB.A-A4 #C4
X"HCFXX.DC <JCIX.GCEC*JC ?<K

  #AB.B4 ,:5 A SLUR EXT5DS OV] M ?AN F\R
NOTES1 X C 2 WRITT5 9 "O ( TWO WAYS3

  ,EXAMPLE #AB.B-A4
7A7 ! SIGN ,'C ;2C 2 D\#D2
7B7 ! SIGN ,';B ;2C 2 PLAC$ 2F ! F/ NOTE
  (! PHRASE &! SIGN ,'^2 ;2AF ! LA/
  NOTE4

    ,! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE %[S ! SAME PASSAGE
TR1T$ AC 6BO? ME?ODS4



             #AB4 ,! ,SLUR          #AJI  ,EXAMPLE #AB.B-B4 <#D4            A#IA
7A7 M"DCCGIY"GIDZJHJ&.EDJC I<K
7B7 M;B"DGIY"GIDZJHJ&.EDJ I^2<K
-------------------------------------#IB
    ,! TWO ME?ODS C 2 -B9$ 69DICATE A
D\# SET ( SLURS 9 ! PR9T4

  ,EXAMPLE #AB.B-C4 #D%#C4
;B"W'CHCJC.F \'CGCFCE %JCCDFEG&CY
  "W'^2<K

  #AB.C4 ,"S"TS "O SLUR 5DS & ANO!R 2G9S
ON ! SAME NOTE4 ,! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE
ILLU/RATES ! TWO WAYS 9 : ? C 2
TRANSCRIB$4

  ,EXAMPLE #AB.C-A4 %#I8
7A7 .ECC HGFE'YJDIGC #F8 "HCC=()(CEXX
      "ICC%(!Y!CEXX<K
7B7 ;B.E HGFE'YJDIG #F8 ;B^2"H=()(E^2XX
      ;B"I%(!Y!E^2XX<K

  #AB.D4 ,:5 A NOTE IS BO? TI$ & SLURR$
6ANO!R NOTE1 ! SLUR IS REDUNDANT 9 BRL1
:AT"E XS JU/IFIC,N 9 PR9T4 ,"!=ES* A SLUR IS %[N 9 FACSIMILE COPY   A#IB
ONLY4 ,9 T CASE1 IF EI ! SIMPLE SLUR OR
! CLOS+ BRACKET FOLL[S A TI$ NOTE1 ! TIE
M/ 2 PLAC$ AF ! SLUR4
  #AB.E4 ,9 MUSIC = KEYBO>D 9/RU;TS !
SIGN ,'_C ;2IS US$ 69DICATE A SLUR PASS+
F "O "P 6ANO!R 9 ! SAME /AFF1 OR F "O H&
6! O!R4 ,:5 ? SIGN IS D\#D1 X IS WRITT5
?US3 ,'_CC _C_4
-------------------------------------#IC
  ,EXAMPLE #AB.E-A4 #B4
.>'X"F_CCDJ X"Z_CC&=FED<>_C_S
  M;B"EFG(IHG<>_C_T "P+^2<K

      7,=! USE ( ? SLUR 9 VOCAL MUSIC1
      SEE ,P>4 #BB.AH47

  #AB.F4 7#AA-IG7 ,! SIGN ,'@L ;2IS US$
69DICATE A /RAI<T L9E DRAWN 2T ! /AVES
6%[ T A "PICUL> MELODIC L9E PROCE$S F "O
H& 6! O!R4 ,! SIGN ,'"C ;2IS US$ =A SLUR
DRAWN 2T /AVES4


              #AB.C--#AB.F          #AAA  ,EXAMPLE #AB.F-A4 %%#C4           A#IC
.>"[]:@L V.:0?0 .O'0<K
_>'M     _S^[   _O'<K

    #AB.F.A4 7#AA-IG7 ,9 -PLICAT$ MUSIC
X MAY "S"TS 2 ADVISA# 6PLACE ? SIGN 9
BO? "PS4 ,:5 S* -PLEX;Y REQUIRES ! USE
(! SLUR 9 BO? "PS1 X IS "S"TS DI6ICULT
6TELL :E!R ! NOTES PREC$+ ! SIGN 3/ITUTE
A "P (A MELODY OR PHRASE : IS !N 3T9U$ 9
! O!R H&1 OR ! NOTES : FOLL[ ! SIGN >E A
3T9U,N (A MELODY OR PHRASE : 0
TEMPOR>ILY 9 ! O!R H&4 ,:5 ! LATT] CASE
IS TRUE & NE$S 6BE MADE CLE>1 ! SIGN =A
/RAI<T L9E 2T /AVES %D 2 MODIFI$ 0A4+
DOTS #DF AT ! 2G9N+4 ,! T]M9ATOR %D 2
US$ ONLY :5 ! M1N+ (! REGUL> SIGN CD 2
MISCON/RU$4






   ,EXAMPLE #AB.F.A-A4 %#F8           #ID
 I .>;E#3.[#3.K.EFX"1"[X<K'
   _>_8^\9-^2H9-.K_\"1"FE.K
     ;B2_8_ZHJ<K'
AJ .>'22_)EH%_!%DH_)EH*YFH.Y"HF"
     _)EH<>_8_8_J%IJ*?J
   _>^\'"1_EFE.K^\0H9
AA .>_)%DF_!%DF%_(JE_!DF(FD"
     2%"=ED<>_JI%H"C'_8[^2X<K
   _>^\0*_G"C^[93_8_E@C<K
-------------------------------------#IE

  ,EXAMPLE #AB.F.A-B4 #D4
     >,TEMPO ,I2 POCO LARGO>
CI .>'5.DC>FF;8.)@L<>
   _>'5"D@CY@C;83<>
CI'.>'V8;8,?+0-;8_8:'+%0-D+0-
   _>'V8;8.$#;8_8%]'#F#
DJ .>'8;W%##00--8[_8W'CI#0<K
   _>"Y@C<>5;8%"=^C5;8%.=.C"
     "=@C.@L-<>.:?+:'"%+D+<K

  #AB.G4 7#AA-IG7 ,! HALF PHRASE SE5 9
C>E;LLY $IT$ MOD]N PR9T EDI;NS Z A SLUR
             #AB.F.A--#AB.G         #AACB5T 96AN ANGLE1 )\T ACTU,Y 2+       A#IE
BROK51 IS %[N 9 BRL ?US3

  ,EXAMPLE #AB.G-A4 <#C4
_>^E-;B_GBIG7@2 E1GBIG7^2<K
-------------------------------------#IF
  #AB.H4 ,! -B9,N (! SLUR ) /A3ATO DOTS
IS %[N 9 ! FOLL[+ EXAMPLES4

  ,EXAMPLE #AB.H-A4 #C4
8"?C8$C8\ .N'<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AB.H-B4 #C4
7A7 88"DCCFGHIC8J N'<K
7B7 ;B88"DFGHI8J^2 N'<K

  #AB.I4 ,A %ORT 9DEP5D5T SLUR IS USU,Y
PR9T$ ) %ORT APPO7IATURAS4 ,? IS
REPRES5T$ 0! SLUR ) DOTS #EF1 #AD1 9
FACSIMILE COPY ONLY1 Z ILLU/RAT$ 9
,EXAMPLE #AB.I-A4 ,9 NON-FACSIMILE
TRANSCRIP;N1 SLURR+ = APPO7IATURAS IS
%[N Z = ANY O!R NOTES4 7,SEE ,EXAMPLE
#AB.I-B47
   ,EXAMPLE #AB.I-A4                 A#IF
  7FACSIMILE7 #D<.C
@C.?;B]$: N5*!;C5);C5D;C6T"
5588*"!;CC)*)Y&;C58Z <"S<K
-------------------------------------#IG

  ,EXAMPLE #AB.I-B4
  7NON-FACSIMILE7 #D<.C
@C.?;B]$: N5*!5)5D6T"
5588*"!CC)*)Y&C58Z <"S<K

  #AB.AJ4 7#AA-IG7 ,= DOTT$-L9E SLURS T
>E 9S]T$ 0AN $ITOR R ?AN ! -POS]1 USE !
,PREFIX = ,$ITORIAL ,M>K+S F ! ,G5]AL
,TA# ,'"L ;2Z 9 ,EXAMPLE #AB.AJ-A4 ,O!R
TYPES ( $ITORIAL M>K+S >E %[N 9 ,EXAMPLE
#AB.AJ-B ": ! CRESC5DO & DECRESC5DO >E
PR9T$ ) DA%$ L9ES 69DICATE T !Y >E
$ITORIAL4 ,9 BRL1 EA* IS PREC$$ 0! SIGN
= AN $ITORIAL M>K+4 ,! RIT>D IS AL
$ITORIAL1 B X IS PR9T$ 9 P>5!SES1 S X IS
BRLD Z A ^W 9 P>5!SES4


             #AB.H--#AB.AJ          #AAE  ,EXAMPLE #AB.AJ-A4 <#C4           A#IG
_YB"LC&A"LC!"LCYF'"LCY"
  *_)1CIC%HCI<K
-------------------------------------#IH

  ,EXAMPLE #AB.AJ-B4 %#C4
.>.O'@C<K
_>"L>C_W+C>7RITARD'7"\'C"L>D"FC<K
















           #AC4 ,,NOTE-REPETI;N       #II
             ,,& ,,TREMOLO
               7,TA# #AC7

  #AC.A4 ,! SIGNS 9 ,TA# #AC 7,A7 >E
PLAC$ AF ! NOTE OR *ORD A6ECT$ & M/ ONLY
2 SEP>AT$ F X 0F+]+4

  ,EXAMPLE #AC.A-A4 #D4
_>'X_D+N'+^B _N'+^B:%+^B<K

    #AC.A.A4 ,^! SIGNS MAY 2 D\#D1 B
ONLY ! SECOND HALF (! SIGN IS WRITT5
TWICE4

  ,EXAMPLE #AC.A.A-A4 #D4
  _>^D-_D9N'9^BB _N'9?0 ^T+0<T/0
    ^S+0^B<I+0<K

  #AC.B4 ,TREMOLO SIGNS 7,TA# #AC 7,B77
>E TR1T$ 9 ! SAME WAY B M/ N"E 2 D\#D4



       #AC4 ,REPETI;N & ,TREMOLO    #AAG  ,EXAMPLE #AC.B-A4 #D4             A#II
_>^D-_Y(N'.LR' _N'.LR'?.L_[
  ^)+.L_(<K
------------------------------------#AJJ




















               #AD4 ,,F+]+           #AJA
               7,TA# #AD7

    7,! SUBJECT ( ,ORGAN ,P$ALL+ IS
TR1T$ 9 ,SEC;N #BA47
  #AD.A4 ,F+]+ IS PLAC$ IMMLY AF ! NOTE
OR 9T]VAL 6: X 2L;GS1 & M/ N 2 SEP>AT$ F
X 0ANY O!R SIGN4 7,IF ! NOTE IS DOTT$1 !
F+]+ IS1 ( C\RSE1 PLAC$ AF ! DOT OR
DOTS47
  #AD.B4 ,A *ANGE ( F+]S ON "O NOTE OR
9T]VAL IS %[N 0PLAC+ ! SIGN ,'C ;22T !
TWO F+] SIGNS4

  ,EXAMPLE #AD.B-A4 #D4
"?.?KCA;?.?ACK "Y<K

  #AD.C4 ,:5 A F+] PLAYS TWO ADJAC5T
NOTES TGR X M/ 2 M>K$ AF BO? NOTES OR
9T]VALS4

  ,EXAMPLE #AD.C-A4 #D4
.>.RK#L0B-A/A?L0V<K

               #AD4 ,F+]+           #AAI  #AD.D4 ,ALT]NATIVE F+]+S >E      A#AJA
9DICAT$ 0PLAC+ ! TWO F+] SIGNS AF ! NOTE
OR 9T]VAL4 ,! ORD] 9 : ^! SIGNS >E
WRITT5 IS IMMAT]IAL1 B ONCE T ORD] IS
E/ABLI%$1 X M/ 2 /RICTLY MA9TA9$ 6AVOID
ANY POSSIBIL;Y ( 3FU.N4
    #AD.D.A4 ,IF 9 S* A PASSAGE "O (!
F+]+S IS OMITT$ = ANY NOTE OR NOTES1 XS
PLACE M/ 2 FILL$ 0DOT #F =! F/ F+]+1 &
0DOT #C =! SECOND F+]+4
------------------------------------#AJB
  ,EXAMPLE #AD.D.A-A4 #D<#D4
M_DAGILY1KEK1D1LJ,B!,AJ1IH=HIG<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AD.D.A-B4 #D4
22"HAIJDAEBLFL1G1KEBLJA'"
  2%"HBAIA'J ?L1<K

    ,IF M ?AN TWO F+]+S >E GIV51 !
PASSAGE M/ 2 REWRITT5 = EA* F+]+1 US+ !
IN-A3ORD SIGN4

      7,SEE AL ,P>4 #AG.E 7,EXAMPLE
      #AG.E-A747
       7,SEE ,P>4 #H.G.E =A W>N+    A#AJB
      AG/ ! USE ( D\#D 9T]VALS 9 F+]$
      MUSIC47





















             #AD.D--#AD.D.A         #ABA                                   B#AJB























              #AE4 ,,ORNA;TS         #AJC
               7,TA# #AE7

  #AE.A4 ,A LI/ (! BRL EQUIVAL5TS ( ALL
! ORNA;TS USU,Y F.D 9 PR9T EDI;NS IS
GIV5 "U 7,A71 7,B7 & 7,C7 9 ,TA# #AE4
,EA* ( ^! SIGNS IS PLAC$ IMMLY 2F ! NOTE
6: X APPLIES & NO SPECIAL OCTAVE M>K IS
REQUIR$ = S* NOTES4
  #AE.B4 ,UN.S A B> L9E 9T]V5ES1 %ORT
APPO7IATURAS %D ALW 2 WRITT5 9 ! SAME
L9E Z ! NOTES : !Y EMBELLI%4 ,:5 S*
NOTES H 9T]VALS1 ! SIGN = %ORT
APPO7IATURA APPLIES 6BO? NOTE & 9T]VAL4
7,SEE ,EXAMPLE #AE.B.B-A 2L47
    #AE.B.A4 ,9 A PASSAGE 3TA9+ %ORT
APPO7IATURAS 9 : D\BL+ ( ANY K9D IS US$1
! D\BL+ REMA9S 3/ANT "?\T UN.S !
APPO7IATURAS >E N A6ECT$ 0! D\BL+1 9 :
CASE ! D\BL+ M/ 2 BROK54 ,?US 9 7A7 2L1
! ?IRDS 3T9UE "?\T ! :OLE PASSAGE1 & 9
7B7 !Y /OP 2F ! APPO7IATURA4


             #AE4 ,ORNA;TS          #ABC  ,EXAMPLE #AE.B.A-A4              A#AJC
     7A7 #B4
.>.Y++ZYZ5Y5ZFZY
  .ZFEFZGFE+<K

      7B7 %#C8
.>'5.D)++!J'Y .Z).FE
  5.EY+)%++D'Z .&YGF+<K

    #AE.B.B4 ,ALL ! SIGNS "U 7,B7 & 7,C7
9 ,TA# #AE C 2 US$ = 9T]VALS Z WELL Z =
WRITT5 NOTES1 & :5 ^! SIGNS APPLY 6BO?
NOTE & 9T]VAL !Y M/ 2 M>K$ 2F EA*4
------------------------------------#AJD
  ,EXAMPLE #AE.B.B-A4 #D4
.>'6.&6++5Z5& .O+<K

  #AE.C4 ,9 A S]IES ( F\R OR M NOTES )
TRILLS1 ! TRILL SIGN MAY 2 D\#D Z L;G Z
! PR9T SYMBOL XF IS N ALT]$ 0AN
A3ID5TAL4
    #AE.C.A4 ,:5 NOTES PR9T$ ) ^! SIGNS
>E F+]$1 ! F+]+ IS GIV5 IMMLY AF ! NOTE
OR 9T]VAL A6ECT$4
       ,EXAMPLE #AE.C.A-A4 .C       A#AJD
.>'6"RL1L+5%=5(.?0W+ ,%,4"[1LBL+"
  "W*,4#ALBAB?0V<K

      7,SEE AL ! SLUR M5;N$ 9 ,P>4
      #AB.I47

  #AE.D4 ,) REG>D 6! UNUSUAL ORNA;TS
GIV5 "U ,TA# #AE 7,D71 & ,TA# #AI 7,B7 !
PR9T SYMBOLS >E V V>IA# 9 "*1 &A NOTE
DESCRIB+ _! NATURE %D ALW 2 9CLUD$ 9 ANY
BRL TRANSCRIP;N 9 : !Y >E US$4 7,SEE ,P>
#BF.CI & ,EXAMPLE #BF.CI-A47











             #AE.B.B--#AE.D         #ABE                                   B#AJD























              #AF4 ,,REP1TS          #AJE
               7,TA# #AF7

  #AF.A4 ,! 9TRODUC;N ( REP1T SIGNS
3/ITUTES "O (! MA9 DI6];ES ( PROC$URE 2T
PR9T & BRL MUSIC1 = ":AS1 9 ! =M]1 !
NECESSITIES ( SI<T-R1D+ R5D] ! USE ( AN
EXT5SIVE SY/EM ( REP1TS 9EXP$I5T1 9 !
LATT]1 A GRT D1L C 2 D"O T[>DS !
A*IEVE;T (A GD APPE>.E1 ! SAV+ ( SPACE1
&1 ABV ALL1 EASE 9 R1D+ & MEMORIZ+1 0!
JUDICI\S USE ( ? DEVICE4
  #AF.B4 ,! SIGN ,'7 ;2IS ! MO/
FREQU5TLY US$ 9DIC,N (A REP1T4 ,X MAY 2
US$ =! REPETI;N (A NOTE OR *ORD1 A B1T
OR "P (A B1T1 A M1SURE OR "P (A M1SURE2
H["E1 X IS N"E US$ =! REPETI;N ( M ?AN
"O M1SURE4

    ,"P-,M1SURE ,REP1TS
  #AF.C4 ,) REG>D 6! USE ( ,'7 ;2= "P (A
M1SURE1 ! FOLL[+ RULES M/ 2 C>E;LLY
OBS]V$3
    #AF.C.A4 ,A REP1T ALW APPLIES 6:AT
              #AF4 ,REP1TS          #ABGIMMLY PREC$ES X4 ,! NUMB] (        A#AJE
NOTES : X 9CLUDES DEP5DS ON XS POSI;N 9
! M1SURE1 OBVI\SLY 9VOLV+ ! EX]CISE (
JUDG;T & MUSICAL K4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.C.A-A4 #D4
7P47 .YEFG(GFG(GFG(GFE
       .YFHFZHGEYFHFZHGE<K
7B47 .YEFG(GFG7(GFE YFHFZHGE7<K
------------------------------------#AJF

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.C.A-B4 %%#C4
7P47 _>@E-_=++00=GG+0H/#H/#
       @E-_Z++ZEGF+#E+9<K
7B47 _>@E-_=+07G+07H/#7
       @E-_Z++ZEGF+#E+9<K

    #AF.C.B4 ,REP1TS %D N"E1 EXCEPT 9 !
MO/ OBVI\S & SIMPLE CASES1 8CROSS !
B1T40 ,= 9/.E1 9 ,EXAMPLE #AF.C.A-A1 A
LL SPACE CD H BE5 SAV$ ?US3

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.C.B-A4
#D4 .YEFG(=77&Z<K
     B 6ALL B ! MO/ EXP]T R1D] ?    A#AJF
V].N WD 2 V MISL1D+4 ,! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE
IS1 H["E1 Q NORMAL 9 APPE>.E4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.C.B-B4 %#C4
.>.\--:'H<>X":+7E+ .G'(['H-<>
  X":/7E/<K
------------------------------------#AJG
  #AF.D4 ,! SIGN ,'7 ;2M/ N 2 US$ :5 !
F/ *ORD OR B1T (A M1SURE HAPP5S 6BE
REPETI;N (! LA/ *ORD OR B1T (! PREC$+
M1SURE4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.D-A4
   79CORRECT7 %%#D4
.>.Q++0\3[- 7\3]0$+9<K

    #AF.D.A4 ,:5 ! F/ *ORD OR GR\P (
NOTES ON A BRL L9E IS A REPETI;N (! LA/
*ORD OR GR\P ON ! PREVI\S L9E1 ! REP1T
SIGN M/ N 2 US$ EV5 IF ! REP1T$ *ORD OR
GR\P IS 9 ! SAME M1SURE4


            #AF.C.B--#AF.D.A        #ABI  ,EXAMPLE #AF.D.A-A4              A#AJG
  79CORRECT7 #C4
.Z"H_J"H77 .&"HDH"
  77<K

  #AF.E4 ,TWO OR M REP1TS FOLL[+ "O
ANO!R >E NORM,Y (! SAME VALUE4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.E-A4 %%#D4
7P47 "ZFGFZFGFZFGFZFGF :VV<K
7B47 "ZFGF777 :VV<K
------------------------------------#AJH
  #AF.F4 ,:5 X IS DESIRA# 6H SU3ESSIVE
REP1TS ( DI6]5T VALUE !Y M/ 2 SEP>AT$
0DOT #C4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.F-A4 .C
7P47 _>^DD99--++DDDDDD
       ^DDDDDD9-+D0/%#D0/#<K
7B47 _>^DD9-+77'77
       ^D9-+7'77D0/%#7<K

  #AF.G4 ,! SIGN ,'7 ;2C 2 US$ =!
REPETI;N ( "O OR M "PS 9 3JUNC;N )!
IN-A3ORD & M1SURE-DIVI.N SIGNS4 ,:5 ALL! "PS >E REP1T$1 ONLY "O REP1T     A#AJH
SIGN IS NE$$2 ": "S (! "PS D N REP1T1 !
SIGN M/ 2 US$ = EA* REP1T$ "P4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.G-A4 #B4
.>.?E')<>"&HFH=HGH 7<K
_>_?^\<>_R ''''''' _D'&H'^(<>7<K
------------------------------------#AJI
  #AF.H4 ,! USE (! SLUR 9 -B9,N )!
"P-M1SURE REP1T 9VOLVES "S DI6ICULTY4 ,!
IMPORTANT ?+ 6REMEMB] IS T REP1TS %D N"E
9 ANY WAY 9T]F]E )! CLE> P]CEP;N (
PHRAS+4 ,! FOLL[+ EXAMPLES %D 2 /UDI$ V
C>E;LLY3

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.H-A4 #D4
79CORRECT7 "FCHC7GCHC7<K
7CORRECT7  "FCHCFCHGCHCGCH<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.H-B4 #D<#B4
7CORRECT7 .>.F+7CI+97C .F+7CD+7C<K



              #AF.E--#AF.H          #ACA  ,EXAMPLE #AF.H-C4 #D4            A#AJI
7CORRECT7 8"YFCHCFC7C7C7C 8?VU<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.H-D4 #D4
7A7 "YCCFHFYFHCF7<K
7B7 ;B"YFHFYFHF^27<K
------------------------------------#AAJ

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.H-E4 #D4
7A7 "YCCFHFYFHCFYCCFHFYFHFC ?VU<K
7B7 ;B"YFHFYFHF^2;B7 ?^2VU<K

    7,NOTE T X IS N ADVISA# 6USE !
"P-M1SURE REP1T 9 7A7 ABV47
  #AF.I4 ,A REP1T DOES N 9CLUDE A TIE ON
! LA/ NOTE OR *ORD (! PASSAGE4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.I-A4 #D4
"YFED@C7@C7@C7 \VU<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.I-B4 #D4
.>.D'#0Y#0.C7.C7.C7 ")+0<K

    ,A"P F ? EXCEP;N A REP1T 9CLUDES ALL
O!R TIES4  ,EXAMPLE #AF.I-C4 #F8            A#AAJ
.H@CRQ&@CPOY7<K
------------------------------------#AAA
  #AF.AJ4 ,IF ! REP1T$ PASSAGE HAS A TIE
AT ! 5D (A M1SURE1 X IS BETT] 6PLACE !
TIE IMMLY 2F ! F/ NOTE (! FOLL[+ M1SURE1
ESPECI,Y :5 T M1SURE IS 9 A NEW L9E OR
IS SEP>AT$ F ! ORIG9AL REP1T 0AN
IN-A3ORD "P4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AJ-A4 #D4
.>.YFED@C7@C7@C7<>"[\%]*]
  @C.?0VU<K

  #AF.AA4 ,X IS POSSI# 6USE ! SIGN ,'7
;2=A PASSAGE PLAY$ 9 A DI6]5T OCTAVE F !
ORIG9AL1 ! REP1T 2+ !N PREC$$ 0!
APPROPRIATE OCTAVE M>K4 ,X IS NEC 6M>K !
OCTAVE (! F/ NOTE AF S* A REP1T4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AA-A4 #D4
"YFHJ.7;YIHF.7 "?VU<K
  #AF.AB4 ,GRT C>E M/ 2 EX]CIS$ 9 !
D\BL+ ( 9T]VALS1 ETC41 9 3NEC;N )
             #AF.I--#AF.AB          #ACCREP1TS4                            A#AAA

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AB-A4 #D4
.>"&++GHG+77!0EH0G+ "&+<K
------------------------------------#AAB
  #AF.AC4 ,! USE ( REP1TS 9 3JUNC;N )
NU.ES IS "S:AT -PLICAT$1 & GRT 4CRE;N IS
NE$$ 0! TRANSCRIB] 9 ? MATT]4 ,:5 S*
NU.ES >E 9DICAT$ 0! SIGNS = /A3ATO1
A35TS1 ETC41 OR 0S* MO;T>Y DIREC;NS Z
8SF01 !Y C 2 9CLUD$ S L;G Z MISTAKES
SIMIL> 6T %[N AT 7A7 2L >E AVOID$4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AC-A4 #D4
7A7 7BAD7 >SF.YIHJ777 NU<K
7B7 7GD7 >SF.YIHJYIHJ77 NU<K

    #AF.AC.A4 ,! TR1T;T ( NU.ES ( L;G]
DUR,N IS ILLU/RAT$ 0! FOLL[+ TYPICAL
EXAMPLES3

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AC.A-A4 .C
7P47 >F"YEFG(IJD>P"YEFG(IJD<K
7B47 >F"YEFG(IJD>P'7<K
   ,EXAMPLE #AF.AC.A-B4 .C          A#AAB
7P47 >F"YEFG(IJD"YEFG(IJD<K
7B47 >F"YEFG(IJD7<K
------------------------------------#AAC

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AC.A-C4 .C
7P47 >C"YEFG>D"(GFE>C"YEFG>D"(GFE>4'<K
7B47 >C"YEFG>D"(GFE7<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AC.A-D4 .C
7P47 >C"YEFG>D"(GFE>C"YEFG(GFE>3'<K
7B47 >C"YEFG>D"(GFE>C'7<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AC.A-E4 .C
7P47 >F"Y>P"EFG(IJD>F"Y>P"EFG(IJD<K
7B47 >F"Y>P"EFG(IJD7<K

    ,EXAMPLES CD EASILY 2 MULTIPLI$1 B 5
HAS BE5 WRITT5 6JU/IFY ! W>N+ AG/ ! USE
(! SIGN ,'7 ;2IN D\BT;L CASES4
------------------------------------#AAD
  #AF.AD4 ,:5 "P (A M1SURE IS F+]$1 & IS
FOLL[$ IMMLY 0AN EXACT REPETI;N )\T
F+]+1 ! REP1T SIGN MAY 2 US$4
             #AF.AC--#AF.AD         #ACE                                   A#AAD
  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AD-A4 .C
7P47 "YAEBFLG1(KGFEYEFG(GFE<K
7B47 "YAEBFLG1(KGFE7<K

  #AF.AE4 ,! REPETI;N ( %ORT PASSAGES 9
UNM1SUR$ MUSIC IS MADE POSSI# 0! USE (!
SIGN ,'*7 ;2PLAC$ 2F ! F/ NOTE (! FRAG;T
6BE REP1T$4 ,A SPECIAL OCTAVE M>K %D 2
GIV5 6? NOTE4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AE-A4 #D<#C4
.>"!F'P<><"?+N<# K "M K M<L<K
_>@[-<N<- K ,55^<1<^D<H<_D"
  <_H<"DE<G*7"F<H<.DE<G.7;7 K
  ,5,$U<L<K

    ,X M/ 2 CLE>LY "U/OOD T ! SIGN ,'*7
;2IS N XF A REP1T SIGN1 B IS M]ELY US$
6SEP>ATE F ! PREC$+ TEXT A FRAG;T : IS
AFWS 6BE REP1T$47
------------------------------------#AAE

    ,M1SURE ,REP1TS
  #AF.AF4 ,:5 ! SIGN ,'7 ;2IS US$ =!REP1T (A M1SURE1 X IS WRITT5 )A    A#AAE
BLANK SPACE ON EI SIDE4 ,! :OLE-M1SURE
REP1T 7UNLIKE ! "P-M1SURE REP1T7 MAY 2
US$ AT ! 2G9N+ (A NEW P>ALLEL1 Z
ILLU/RAT$ 9 ,EXAMPLE #BB.BD-A1 B X MAY N
2 US$ AT ! 2G9N+ (A NEW SEC;N OR PAGE4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF-A4 .C
"DEFGHGFE 7 7 NU<K

    ,A REP1T %D N 2 US$ =A M1SURE 9 "O
MET] 7I4E4 #F/H "T74 ,! TWO M1SURES _C
TE*NIC,Y 2 3SID]$ ID5TICAL4
    ,! RULES GIV5 9 ,P>4 #AF.G--#AF.AC =
"P-M1SURE REP1TS %D 2 C>E;LLY /UDI$ 9
3NEC;N )! M1SURE REP1T4 ,! FOLL[+
EXAMPLES ILLU/RATE ! MA9 PO9TS3

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF-B4 .C
    7,P>4 #AF.H47
7P47 ;B"DEFGHGFE^2 ;BDEFGHGFE^2
       ;B"DEFGHGFE^2 NU<K
7B47 7A7 "DCCEFGHGFCE 7 7 NU<K
7B47 7B7 ;B"DEFGHGFE^2 7 7 NU<K
             #AF.AE--#AF.AF         #ACG  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF-C4 .C             #AAF
7P47 ;B"DEFGHGFE DEFGHGFE^2
       ;B"DEFGHGFE N^2U<K
7B47 7A7 "DCCEFGHGFE DEFGHGFCE
           "DCCEFGHGFEC NU<K
7B47 7B7 ;B"DEFGHGFE 7^2 ;B7 N^2U<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF-D4 .C 7,P>4 #AF.I47
7P47 "DEFH@CHGFE DEFH@CHGFE
       "DEFH@CHGFE@C O?V<K
7B47 "DEFH@CHGFE 7 7 @CO?V<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF-E4 .C 7,P>4 #AF.AA47
  7PR9T7
"DEFGHIDJ DEFGHIDJ .;DEFGHIDJ NU<K
7BRL7 "DEFGHIDJ .7 ;7 ,NU<K
------------------------------------#AAG

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF-F4 .C
    7,P>4 #AF.AB47
7P47 .>.D00FEGFDEJ .DFEGFDEJ
       .DFEGFDEJ0 .Y<>"S+R+<K
7B47 .>.D00FEGFDEJ0 7 7 .Y<>"S+R+<K

   ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF-G4 .C            A#AAG
    7,P>4 #AF.AC47
7P47 >P"DEFGHGFE >CR'"DEFGHGFE
       >F"DEFGHGFE NU<K
7B47 >P"DEFGHGFE >CR'7 >F'7 "NU<K

  #AF.AF.A4 ,:5 A M1SURE IS REP1T$ ?REE
OR M "TS1 ! APPROPRIATE NUMB]1 ) NUM]AL
PREFIX1 FOLL[S ! REP1T SIGN )\T AN
9T]V5+ SPACE4 ,! NOTE FOLL[+ S* A REP1T
%D H AN OCTAVE M>K4
------------------------------------#AAH
  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF.A-A4 .C
7P47 "DEFGHGFE DEFGHGFE DEFGHGFE
       "DEFGHGFE NU<K
7B47 "DEFGHGFE 7#C "NU<K

    ,! FOLL[+ TYPICAL EXAMPLES %[ !
APPLIC,N ( ,P>4 #AF.G-AF.AC 6S*
PASSAGES4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF.A-B4 #C4 7,P>4 #AF.H47
7P47 "?$C:C ?$C:C ?$C:C ?$C:C NV<K
7B47 "?$C:C 7#C C"NV<K
                #AF.AF.A            #ACI  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF.A-C4 #C4          #AAI
7P47 ;B"?$: ?$:^2 ;B?$: ?$: N^2V<K
7B47 7A7 "?CC$: ?$C: ?CC$: 7 CNV<K
7B47 7B7 ;B"?$: 7^2 ;B7 7 N^2V<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF.A-D4 #C4
7P47 ;B"?$: ?$: ?$: ?$:^2 V;8N<K
7B47 7A7 "?CC$: 7 7 ?$C: V;8N<K
7B47 7B7 ;B"?$: 7#C^2 V;8"N<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF.A-E4 #C4 7,P>4 #AF.I47
7P47 "?$: ?$: ?$: ?$:@C O?<K
7B47 "?$: 7#C @C"O?<K
------------------------------------#ABJ

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF.A-F4 7,P>4 #AF.AA47
                #C4
7P47 "?$\ .?$\ ?$\ .;?$\ ,NV<K
7B47 "?$\ .7 7 ;7 ,NV<K

    #AF.AF.B4 ,) REG>D 6,P>4 #AF.AB-
#AF.AC1 ! GRT] L5G? (! PASSAGE 9VOLV$
MAKES X NEC 6EX]CISE C>E 9 ! USE (!
M1SURE REP1T4
                                    A#ABJ
    ,"PIAL ,A2REVI,N
  #AF.AG4 ,:5 ! PASSAGE 6BE REP1T$ IS M
?AN "O M1SURE 9 L5G?1 ANO!R ME?OD1 "KN Z
8"PIAL A2REVI,N01 IS US$4 ,? 3SI/S (!
WRIT+ ( TWO NUMB]S TGR 2T BLANK SPACES1
! F/ %[+ H[ _M M1SURES M/ 2 C.T$ BACK F
! PO9T ALR R1*$1 ! SECOND %[+ H[ _M ( ^?
M1SURES >E 6BE REP1T$4 ,IF ! TWO NUMB]S
>E ID5TICAL1 "O FIGURE ONLY IS REQUIR$4
,:5 "U ^! /AT$ 3DI;NS1 8"O FIGURE ONLY
IS REQUIR$01 ! DEVICE MAY 2 REP1T$ Z _M
"TS Z ! PASSAGE XF IS REP1T$4
    #AF.AG.A4 ,! F/ NOTE FOLL[+ A "PIAL
A2REVI,N M/ ALW H AN OCTAVE M>K4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AG.A-A4 %%.C
_>^Q--\[ ^[\]$ ^O$] ^]'FP #D#C
  ^$'EO-<K
------------------------------------#ABA

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AG.A-B4 %.C
"\'G$\ ['H]: P]'G ( #D<K

           #AF.AF.B--#AF.AG.A       #ADA    #AF.AG.B4 ,"PIAL A2REVI,N      A#ABA
MAY 2 -B9$ )! SLUR S L;G Z ! PHRAS+ IS
ALW MADE P]FECTLY CLE>4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AG.B-A4 #C4
7P47 ;B.?"\.?@C ?JIW ?"\.?@C ?JIW^2<K
7B47 7A7 .?CC"\.?@C ?JIW #B#A @C.?JICW<K
7B47 7B7 ;B.?"\.?@C ?JIW #B^2<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AG.B-B4 #C4
7PR9T7
;B.?"\.?@C ?JIW^2 ;B?"\.?@C ?JIW^2<K
7BRL7 7A7 .?CC"\.?@C ?JICW #B<K
7BRL7 7B7 ;B.?"\.?@C ?JIW^2 #B<K
------------------------------------#ABB

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AG.B-C4 #C4
7P47 ;B.?"\.?@C ?JIW^2 ?"\.?@C ?JIW<K
7BRL7
7A7 .?CC"\.?@C ?JICW ?"\.?@C ?JIW<K
7B7 ;B.?"\.?@C ?JIW^2 ?"\.?@C ?JIW<K

  #AF.AH4 ,9 "PIAL A2REVI,N ! TIE IS
TR1T$ AC 6,P>4 #AF.I4
   ,EXAMPLE #AF.AH-A4 #C4           A#ABB
7P47 .?"H.D$ ]FEDJ ?"H.D$@C
       .$:V ?"H.D$ ]FEDJ ?"H.D$ :?V<K
7B47 .?"H.D$ ]FEDJ #B#A @C.$:V
       #D#C .:?V<K

    #AF.AH.A4 ,A TIE SIGN IS N USU,Y
JUXTAPOS$ )A NUM]AL REP1T4 ,B EXCEP;N IS
MADE :5 ! 5TIRE PASSAGE IS 9DICAT$ 0A
REP1T B>4 ,AT ! 5D ( S* A PASSAGE X IS
POSSI# T ! "PIAL REP1T NUM]AL HAS BE5
US$1 AT : PO9T X IS NEC 69DICATE T ! LA/
NOTE M/ 2 TI$ 6! F/ NOTE (! PASSAGE 6BE
REP1T$4
------------------------------------#ABC
  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AH.A-A4 #F8
_FXF^L@CFXF^L@C FXX$'^1@C #B@C<2

  #AF.AI4 ,! DIREC;NS GIV5 "U ,P>4
#AF.AA--#AF.AC M/ 2 /RICTLY FOLL[$ 9
"PIAL A2REVI,N4 ,) REG>D 6,P>4 #AF.AC A
FUR!R PO9T MAY 2 NOT$4 ,:5 ! REP1T$
M1SURES >E PREC$$ 0A DI6]5T EXPRES.N M>K
: Q CLE>LY APPLIES 6E M1SURE (! REP1T$
            #AF.AG.B--#AF.AI        #ADCPASSAGE1 ! ^W 8SEMPRE0 7PREC$$     A#ABC
0DOT #E7 MAY 2 A4$ 0! TRANSCRIB] EV5 ?\<
X MAY N APPE> 9 PR9T4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.AI-A4 .C
>P"R.?W >CR'"[.$:? >C"JIHIJDEF>3
  >SF.]'&Z$? 7"SEMPRE F'7 #D#B
  "JIHIJDEF O?V<K

    7,X W 2 SE5 T M1SURE #G IS A
REPETI;N ( M1SURE #C1 B X IS SAF]
6REWRITE X [+ 6! ABS;E (! CRESC5DO M>K47
  #AF.BJ4 ,"PIAL A2REVI,N M/ ONLY 2 US$
9 ! MO/ OBVI\S CASES4 ,D\# FIGURES &
RHY?MIC DIVI.NS 7S* Z ,'#AF#AB #G#C
;2ETC47 %D N"E 2 US$4 ,! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE
IS1 H["E1 Q LEGITIMATE [+ 6! UNUSUAL
RHY?MIC %APE (! PASSAGE4
------------------------------------#ABD
  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BJ-A4 <<#B4
.E'&EE $: ?W D'Z&DEJ :YIJD #E#C
.D'ZJI ?JX<K

    ,! ,SEGNO
  #AF.BA4 ,A FUR!R ME?OD ( A2REVI,N IS0! USE (! 8SEGNO04 ,? DI6]S F      A#ABD
"PIAL A2REVI,N 9 TWO WAYS3 7A7 ! PASSAGE
6BE REP1T$ MAY 2 ( ANY L5G?2 7B7 !
REPETI;N MAY 2 AT ANY 4T.E F ! ORIG9AL
PASSAGE4
    #AF.BA.A4 ,! 8SEGNO0 7,TA# #AF 7,A77
IS FOLL[$ IMMLY 0"O (! LRS ;,A1 ;,B1
;,C1 ETC41 AC 6XS POSI;N Z ! F/1 SECOND1
?IRD1 ETC41 SEGNO 9 ! PIECE4 ,! 5D (!
PASSAGE 6BE AFWS REP1T$ IS %[N 0! SIGN
,'*_1 PLAC$ AF ! LA/ SIGN 3NECT$ )! F9AL
NOTE (! PASSAGE4 ,? LATT] SIGN DOES N
NE$ A LR1 S9CE SEGNOS M/ N"E OV]LAP "O
ANO!R4
    #AF.BA.B4 ,! REPETI;N (! PASSAGE IS
%[N 0M>K+ ! SEGNO 7) XS APPROPRIATE LR7
PREC$$ 0DOT #E1 & FOLL[$ )\T AN 9T]V5+
SPACE 0A NUMB] %[+ ! NUMB] ( M1SURES 6BE
REP1T$4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BA.B-A4 <.C
"[ .::?"GH S:: $]IHGH ['Y)IX[
+A .::?"GH SW[ \]$$* "OV: $]\.?
  "['H]] \[*W.$ %?'*JIX[ "+A#C "OV<K
            #AF.BJ--#AF.BA.B        #ADE    #AF.BA.C4 ,"PIAL A2REVI,N M/    #ABE
N"E 2 US$ 9 -B9,N )! SEGNO UN.S !
M1SURES S A2REVIAT$ =M "P (! 8SEGNO0
PASSAGE4 7,SEE M1SURE #E 9 ! ABV
EXAMPLE47
    #AF.BA.D4 ,ALL D\BL+ ( ANY K9D : MAY
2 9 PROGRESS AT ! PO9T ": ! SEGNO
PASSAGE -M;ES M/ 2 RE-M>K$ AF ! SEGNO4
    #AF.BA.E4 ,X IS POSSI# 6USE ! SEGNO
BO? F & 6ANY PO9T 9 A M1SURE1 &1 (
C\RSE1 9 ? CASE NO NUMB] IS GIV5 AT !
PO9T ( REPETI;N4 ,:5 ! SIGN M>K+ ! 5D (!
ORIG9AL PASSAGE 7,TA# #AF 7,A77 O3URS
DUR+ A M1SURE1 X M/ 2 FOLL[$ 0! MUSIC
HYPH5 &A BLANK SPACE4 ,! SEGNO XF %D N"E
2 WRITT5 DUR+ A M1SURE EXCEPT AT !
-M;E;T (A PIECE OR SEC;N4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BA.E-A4 %#C4
+A ": \W: W\\ [DJIH ]:: \JIHG $?$
  ":\] R*" "JD :JDEF :?W ?IJDE ?W[
  "WHIJD W[\ ].:%? O" "+A<K
------------------------------------#ABF
    #AF.BA.F4 ,IF ! SIGN ,',* ;2CO9CIDES
)A DOTT$ D\# B> OR ANY SIMIL> 9DIC,N1 XPREC$ES S* 9DIC,NS )\T AN 9T]V5+   A#ABF
SPACE4
    #AF.BA.G4 ,X IS POSSI# 6MODIFY SEGNO
REP1TS 9 ! SAME MANN] Z T EXPLA9$ 9
3NEC;N ) "PIAL A2REVI,N 9 RESPECT 6TIES
& EXPRES.N M>KS 7,P>4 #AF.BA.F-
#AF.BA.H7 B SLURS _C ?US 2 *ANG$1 & ANY
D\#D SIGNS M/ 2 RE-M>K$ AF A SEGNO REP1T
IF !Y / REMA9 9 =CE 7CF4 ,P>4 #AF.BA.D74
    ,! F/ NOTE AF ,'+A "+A ;2OR ,'* ;2M/
H A SPECIAL OCTAVE M>K4
    #AF.BA.H4 ,": POSSI#1 AN EMBOSS$
M>G9AL /> OR SIMIL> M>G9AL DEVICE %D 2
PLAC$ AT ! 2G9N+ (A L9E 3TA9+ ! 9ITIAL
SIGNS =! SEGNO & AT ! 5D (A L9E 3TA9+ !
9DIC,N =! 5D (! ORIG9AL PASSAGE 6BE
REP1T$4 ,! SEGNO IS A DI6ICULT SIGN
6LOCATE 9 ! TEXT1 & ^! M>G9AL DEVICES >E
A V R1L ASSI/.E 6! R1D]4

    ,! ,BRL ,USE ( ,DA ,CAPO
  #AF.BB4 ,? =M ( REP1T IS US$ F> M
FREQU5TLY 9 BRL ?AN 9 PR9T1 ! ^WS 8DA
CAPO0 2+ %[N Z 9 ,TA# #AF 7,A7 FOLL[$ 0A
            #AF.BA.C--#AF.BB        #ADGNUMB] 9DICAT+ H[ _M M1SURES >E     B#ABF
6BE REP1T$4
    #AF.BB.A4 ,Z AN A4I;NAL AID 6! R1D]1
! SIGN ,'* ;2IS PLAC$ AT ! 5D (! ORIG9AL
PASSAGE 6BE REP1T$ 7SUPPLE;T$ ": POSSI#
0A M>G9AL /> AT ! 5D (! L9E1 Z EXPLA9$ 9
,P>4 #AF.BA.H ABV74
    ,X IS AL POSSI# 6USE ! BRL DA CAPO F
& 6ANY PO9T 9 A M1SURE1 NO NUMB] 2+ !N
REQUIR$2 B ? %D ONLY 2 D"O 9 ! MO/
OBVI\S CASES4
    7,IN SYMPHONIC S*]ZOS1 M9UETS1 ETC41
9 : ! OP5+ SEC;N REAPPE>S AF ! TRIO )\T
XS =M] REPETI;NS1 ! BRL SEGNO & DA CAPO
%D 2 A3OMPANI$ 0! DIREC;N 87S5ZA
REPLICA701 DOT #E 2+ A4$ 2F ! F/
P>5!SIS1 ONLY IF FACSIMILE COPY IS
REQUE/$47
------------------------------------#ABG

    ,REP1TS ) ,M1SURE ,NUMB]S
  ,7,N4,B4 ,! DEVICE ( M1SURE-NUMB]+ "H
REF]R$ 6IS A BRL 3V5I;E : HAS NO REF];E
6PR9T USAGE47'
  #AF.BC4 ,9 MUSIC WRITT5 8B>-OV]-B>0 :5M1SURES >E NUMB]$ 9 ! BRL TEXT1    A#ABG
^! NUMB]S C 2 E6ECTIVELY US$ Z A
SUB/ITUTE =! SEGNO & BRL DA CAPO4 ,!
NUMB]S (! F/ & LA/ M1SURES (! PASSAGE
6BE REP1T$ >E WRITT5 9 ! L[] "P (! CELL1
PREC$$ 0! NUM]AL PREFIX1 & SEP>AT$ 0!
LIT]>Y HYPH51 ?US3
                  #1-16

    #AF.BC.A4 ,9 MUSIC WRITT5 8SEC;N-
BY-SEC;N0 = B& & OR*E/RAL 9/RU;TS )
S]IAL NUMB]S =! SEC;NS1 ? NUMB] IS GIV5
F/ 9 ! UPP] "P (! CELL1 ?US3

                 #H56-63

7%[+ T M1SURE #EF1 ! F/ (! REP1T$
M1SURES1 IS 6BE F.D 9 SEC;N #H47
    #AF.BC.B4 ,? 8SEC;N-BY-SEC;N0 ME?OD
( 9DICAT+ REP1TS M/ N 2 US$ 9 ! SAME
P>AGRAPH Z ! ORIG9AL PASSAGE 7I4E4 X _C
REPLACE EI ! M1SURE REP1T OR "PIAL
A2REVI,N47
  #AF.BD4 ,Z )! SEGNO &! BRL DA CAPO !
            #AF.BB.A--#AF.BD        #ADIF/ NOTE AF S* A REP1T M/ H AN      B#ABG
OCTAVE M>K4
    #AF.BD.A4 ,! R1D] IS REF]R$ 6,P>4
#AF.BA.G ABV = DETAILS (! POSSIBIL;Y (
MODIFIC,NS 9 ? =M ( REP1T1 & X %D AL 2
NOT$ T ! D\# B>S1 DOTT$ D\# B>1 PAUSE &
PR9T -MA MAY 2 A4$ 6ANY (! REP1TS US$ 9
BRL MUSIC4
    7,=! -B9,N ( PIANO P$ALL+ )! V>I\S
=MS ( REP1TS1 SEE ,P>4 #BJ.H--#BJ.AA47
------------------------------------#ABH

    ,PR9T ,REP1TS 7,TA# #AF 7,B77
  #AF.BE4 ,! SIGNS = D\# B>S AT 5D (
-POSI;N & AT 5D ( M1SURE OR SEC;N 7BO?
GIV5 9 ! ,G5]AL ,TA# ( ,SIGNS7 &! D\# B>
PREC$$ 0DOTS >E PLAC$ )\T AN 9T]V5+
SPACE AF ! LA/ SIGN 3NECT$ )! M1SURE 9 :
!Y APPE> &1 IF !Y O3UR DUR+ A M1SURE :
IS AFWS -PLET$ 9 ! SAME L9E1 !Y M/ 2
FOLL[$ 0! MUSIC HYPH5 &A BLANK SPACE4
    #AF.BE.A4 ,! SIGNS = D\# B> FOLL[$
0DOTS & PRIMA & SECONDA VOLTA >E PLAC$
)\T AN 9T]V5+ SPACE 2F ! F/ SIGN 3NECT$
)! M1SURE 9 : !Y APPE> &1 IF !Y O3URDUR+ ! C\RSE (A M1SURE 9 ! MI4LE   A#ABH
(A L9E1 !Y M/ 2 PREC$$ 0! MUSIC HYPH5 &A
BLANK SPACE4
    #AF.BE.B4 ,! NOTE FOLL[+ ANY (! ABV
SIGNS M/ H A SPECIAL OCTAVE M>K1 &!
PRIMA & SECONDA VOLTA1 ETC41 %D 2 FOLL[$
0DOT #C 2F SIGNS 3TA9+ DOTS #A1 #B1 OR
#C4
    #AF.BE.C4 ,! USE ( NUM]AL REP1TS 9
ID5TICAL VOLTAS DEP5DS ON :E!R ! M>G9AL
NUMB]S >E ^? (! PUBLI%] OR ^? (! BRL
TRANSCRIB]4 ,9 ! =M] 9/.E1 ! M>G9AL
NUMB] IS LIKELY 6BE ! SAME = EA* VOLTA1
?US R5D]+ A NUM]AL REP1T R AWKW>D4 ,IF1
ON ! O!R H&1 ! M>G9AL NUMB] =! NEXT
VOLTA IS DI6]5T1 BO? VOLTAS 2+ ID5TICAL1
A NUM]AL REP1T MAY 2 US$4 ,TWO OR M
VOLTAS MAY 2 BRLD 9 "O L9E IF "! IS
ROOM4 7,SEE ,EXAMPLE #BB.BJ.A-A47
    #AF.BE.D4 ,BRL REP1TS APPLY 6! 3T5TS
(A M1SURE1 N A4$ SIGNS S* Z D\# B>S1
VOLTAS & PR9T REP1T SIGNS4 ,BRL REP1TS
MAY 2 US$ ) SIGNS 9DICAT+ ! 2G9N+ OR !
5D (A PR9T REP1T4
           #AF.BD.A--#AF.BE.D       #AEA  #AF.BF4 ,! SIGNS = PR9T SEGNO1   B#ABH
DAL SEGNO & 5CIRCL$ CROSS >E TR1T$ 9
EXACTLY ! SAME WAY Z ! BRL SEGNO 7,P>4
#AF.BA.A- #AF.BA.H71 ! 5D (! PASSAGE 6BE
REP1T$ 2+ %[N Z EXPLA9$ 9 ,P>4 #AF.BA.A4
,M>G9AL />S %D AL 2 US$ "H Z ) BRL SEGNO
& DA CAPO4
    #AF.BF.A4 ,! 9DIC,N GIV5 9 ,TA# #AF
7,B7 IS US$ 64T+UI% ! PR9T DA CAPO F !
BRL EQUIVAL5T1 & S* DIREC;NS Z 8DAL
SEGNO ;AL FINE0 M/ 2 TRANSCRIB$ Z !Y /&4
------------------------------------#ABI
  #AF.BG4 ,:5 REPETI;N IS 9DICAT$ )A
WAVY OR SPIRAL+ L9E1 ! SIGN F ,TA# #AF
7,B7 IS US$4 ,X %D 2 REP1T$ 9 EA* B> OR
AT ! 2G9N+ ( EA* P>ALLEL 9 UNM1SUR$
MUSIC1 B>-OV]-B> =MAT4 ,9 S+LE-L9E =MAT1
X %D 2 A3OMPANI$ 0AN 9DIC,N ( "T4 7,SEE
,P>4 #F.G--#F.I47

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BG-A4
.PNON57<K ;2ETC4

    ,SEQU;E ,A2REVI,N
  #AF.BH4 ,IN PR9T BOOKS ( TE*NICAL/UDIES1 ETC41 X (T5 HAPP5S T A     A#ABI
MELODIC FIGURE IS REP1T$ SEQU5TI,Y EI UP
OR D[N ! SCALE (! KEY 9 : X IS WRITT54

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BH-A4 #D4
"YEFDZFGE&GHF=HIG ;2ETC'

    #AF.BH.A4 ,X IS POSSI# 6A2REVIATE S*
PASSAGES 0WRIT+ ! FIGURE ONCE1 & AFWS1
FOLL[+ EA* 9ITIAL NOTE ( X 0! SIGN ,'-
;2OMITT+ ! REMA9+ NOTES1 ?US3

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BH.A-A4
#D4 "YEFDZ-&-=-

    #AF.BH.B4 ,! REPETI;N M/1 ( C\RSE1 2
EXACT1 ! B1T OR B1TS -PRIS+ ! FIGURE 2+
-PLETE4 ,! 9ITIAL NOTE (! FIGURE 6BE
SEQU;ED MAY 2 AN A3ID5TAL2 B ! REPETI;NS
MAY N 2 MODIFI$ 9 ANY WAY 0A3ID5TALS1
F+]+1 ETC41 & ? DEVICE %D G5],Y 2 US$
ONLY 9 A DIATONIC 3TEXT4 ,! SEQU;E
A2REVI,N M/ N"E 2 US$ UN.S ! CORRECT
EXECU;N (! PASSAGE IS ABSOLUTELY CLE>4
            #AF.BF--#AF.BH.B        #AEC    #AF.BH.C4 ,X W1 ( C\RSE1 2      #ACJ
"U/OOD T ! SIGN ,'- ;2_C 2 D\#D1 :AT"E !
L5G? (! PASSAGE4
    #AF.BH.D4 ,? DEVICE WD NATUR,Y 2 US$
": ! PR9T IS XF A2REVIAT$1 B EV5 ": !
PR9T IS GIV5 9 FULL ! PLAN C 2 US$4 ,9
NON-FACSIMILE TRANSCRIP;N1 ! SAME SIGN
IS US$ 7DOTS #CF74 ,9 FACSIMILE
TRANSCRIP;NS1 ! SEQU;E SIGN IS MODIFI$
0A4+ DOT #C 7DOTS #CF1 #C71 69=M ! BRL
R1D] ! SEQU;E DEVICE 0 N US$ 9 ! PR9T4
,?US1 ,EXAMPLE #AF.BH.D-A REPRES5TS
FACSIMILE TRANSCRIP;N ONLY4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BH.D-A4 #F8
22"Y.DJ!HG&EDZ-' ;2ETC4

    #AF.BH.E4 ,! USE ( REP1TS 9 ! 9ITIAL
FIGURE IS POSSI#1 S L;G Z ^! >E Q CLE>4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BH.E-A4 #F8
"Y.Y77"Z- &-=->ETC' ;2ETC4

    #AF.BH.F4 ,! DEVICE %D N 2 US$ = S*
A PASSAGE Z T %[N 0! SQU>E BRACKETS 9 !FOLL[+ EXAMPLE4                    A#ACJ
------------------------------------#ACA
  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BH.F-A4 %%#D4
"ZFGF777 :VV")IJG ;1(GHF!HIF"2"
  "=FGE(GHE &EFD=FGDZDEJ"&EF_J ;2ETC4

    #AF.BH.G4 ,X IS AL BETT] 6RE/RICT ?
=M ( A2REVI,N 6PASSAGES 9 : ! NOTES >E
ALL ( EQUAL VALUE4

    ,P>ALLEL ,MOVE;T
  #AF.BI4 ,:51 9 KEYBO>D MUSIC1 "O H&
MOVES P>ALLEL )! O!R AT ! 4T.E ( "O OR M
OCTAVES1 ! WRIT+ (! SECOND "P MAY 2
A2REVIAT$ 0SUB/ITUT+ = XS NOTES A S+LE
OCTAVE 9T]VAL 7) AN APPROPRIATE OCTAVE
M>K ": ! TWO H&S >E M ?AN "O OCTAVE
A"P47

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BI-A4 .C
.>.N"R .$'=Z?V<K
_>_-   _-<K

    #AF.BI.A4 ,:5 S* P>ALLEL MOVE;T
           #AF.BH.C--#AF.BI.A       #AEEEXT5DS OV] M ?AN TWO M1SURES1 !    A#ACA
OCTAVE 9T]VAL IS FOLL[$ )\T 9T]V5+ SPACE
0A NUMB]1 ) NUM]AL PREFIX1 9DICAT+ !
NUMB] ( M1SURES 3TA9$ 9 ! PASSAGE4
------------------------------------#ACB
  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BI.A-A4 <<.C
.>_N@CDF<IJ "D<I"FJ.7 ;D.HJ<I\%GX
  X%.GHG%FG2IH<F .F'Z2GFE:V<K
_>'-#E<K

    ,9 MUSIC 9 : ! "PS =! TWO H&S >E
WRITT5 TGR1 X IS N NEC 6SEP>ATE ! OCTAVE
9T]VAL SIGN F ! MA9 TEXT 0BLANK SPACES4

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BI.A-B #F8
.>.D##00JDEDE#0<>- "W+0J#0?'0-<>
  _HGH?'<K
------------------------------------#ACC

  ,EXAMPLE #AF.BI.A-C4 #F8
.>.&+"J%++D"HIF%+"1-.K2"=_GI"
  2"YEG2(I.E"1_:X<K

    7,=A SPECIAL USE ( P>ALLEL MOVE;T 9
OR*E/RAL SCORES1 SEE ,P>4 #BF.BJ47  #AF.CJ4 ,! P>ALLEL MOVE;T        A#ACC
DEVICE %D 2 US$ V SP>+LY & 2 LIMIT$ 6!
PROVI.NS ( ,P>4 #AF.BI--#AF.BI.A4 ,9
B>-OV]-B> 4POSI;N1 ! "Q ( : OCTAVE SIGN
%D APPLY =! *ORDS &! DIREC;N 9 : 9T]VALS
>E 6BE R1D %D G5],Y PRECLUDE ! USE (!
DEVICE 9 *ORDAL PASSAGES4 ,) RESPECT 6!
USE ( ? DEVICE 9 OR*E/RAL SCORES1 SEE
,P>4 #BF.AI & #BF.BJ4















                 #AF.CJ             #AEG                                    #ACD























              #AG4 ,,V>IANTS         #ACE
               7,TA# #AG7

    ,V>I,NS 9 ,PR9T ,TYPE
  #AG.A4 ,TA# #AG PROVIDES SPECIAL SIGNS
7DOTS #EF1 #BF & DOTS #F1 #BF1
RESPECTIVELY71 6DI6]5TIATE TYPE SIZE =
FACSIMILE TRANSCRIP;N4 ,:5 ^! SIGNS >E
US$1 !Y >E PLAC$ IMMLY 2F ! NOTE OR
9T]VAL 6: !Y APPLY1 & MAY 2 D\#D 7B SEE
,P>4 #AG.C 7B771 ONLY ! SECOND HALF (!
SIGN 2+ WRITT5 TWICE4

  ,EXAMPLE #AG.A-A4 #D<.C
.>;55.$ .$$7<>_6'.&"ID"FID777
  .]$$;5$<>_6'.="ID"FID_6'&"ID"FID77<K

  ,EXAMPLE #AG.A-B4 #B4
  7,SEE ,P>4  #AG.C 7A747
.>'2.F+9;5-F+;59-F;5+9-.K
  2;5.F"1.D+0.K.F;5+9-F+;59-<K



              #AG.B--#AG.D          #AEI  ,EXAMPLE #AG.A-C4 #D%             #ACF
,55^\_:'D K D%J_I'(%%=HIH K
_)IF%F=FHG!HD,5E #C4 5_F"PE'Y<K
    7,OBS]VE ! DI6];E 2T SMALL NOTES &!
%ORT APPO7IATURA 9 ,EXAMPLE #AG.A-C
ABV47
  #AG.B4 ,9 NON-FACSIMILE TRANSCRIP;NS1
:5 NOTES >E WRITT5 9 SMALL TYPE 69DICATE
DEVI,N F NORMAL RHY?M1 & YET !Y >E N
%ORT APPO7IATURAS1 ! APPROPRIATE PREFIX
%D 2 US$1 Z ILLU/RAT$ 9 ,EXAMPLE #A.B-A
& #AF.AE-A4 ,EXAMPLE #AG.A-C ILLU/RATES
! USE (! SMALL-TYPE PREFIX 9 UNM1SUR$
MUSIC1 ": "S DEGREE ( RHY?MIC LATITUDE
IS TAK5 = GRANT$4 ,H["E1 ": NOTES >E %[N
9 SMALL TYPE B "! IS NEI RHY?MIC DEVI,N
NOR UNM1SUR$ NOT,N1 OR ": ! PR9T]'S
PURPOSE IS M]ELY 6SAVE SPACE1 ! PREFIXES
>E N US$ &! SIZE (! TYPE IS IGNOR$ 9
NON-FACSIMILE COPY4 7,?US ! PREFIX WD 2
OMITT$ 9 ,EXAMPLE #AG.A-A & #AG.A-B UN.S
FACSIMILE COPY 0 REQUE/$47
  #AG.C4 ,:5 ! SIGNS = L>GE & SMALL TYPE
>E US$ = 9T]VALS1 TWO IMPORTANT PO9TS M/
2 REMEMB]$3    7A7 ,IF ! WRITT5 NOTE 9 A      A#ACF
*ORD 7E4G4 ! F\R? *ORD 9 ,EXAMPLE
#AG.A-B ABV7 IS A L>GE OR SMALL NOTE1 X
M/ 2 SEP>AT$ F ! REMA9+ NOTES (! *ORD 0!
IN-A3ORD SIGN 6AVOID ! IMPRES.N T ! :OLE
*ORD IS SIMIL>LY PR9T$4

  ,EXAMPLE #AG.C-A4 #D4
_>^?--JIHG-.K,5@F,5E"1^FE<K
------------------------------------#ACG
    7B7 ,:5 ^! SIGNS >E US$ = 9T]VALS !Y
C ONLY 2 D\#D IF ! 9T]VALS !MVS >E D\#D4

  ,EXAMPLE #AG.C-B4 #B4
.>.D-Z,55--&=HIJ,5- ;?-V<K

    ,V>IANT ,R1D+S
  #AG.D4 ,:5 A PASSAGE IS GIV5 9 TWO OR
M V].NS 9 ! PR9T1 ! V>IANTS C EI 2 PLAC$
Z FOOTNOTES AT ! NE>E/ 3V5I5T PO9T 9 !
BRL TEXT1 OR 7IN ! CASE ( V %ORT 9/.ES7
!Y C 2 JO9$ 6! TEXT 0! IN-A3ORD SIGN4


              #AG.B--#AG.D          #AFA  ,EXAMPLE #AG.D-A4 #D<#C4         A#ACG
.>'>59.\07[0 .W0<LV<L]+<K
_>    _$-7[9 _\0<LV<LV<K
---------------------------
  >59 ,APR@ES L'@EDITION DE
,MR4 ,J4 ,FONTANA3
.>.\0.K.\GH"1"T .[0J0<LX]+<K
_>_$-P- ''''''' _[9H0<LXV<K
------------------------------------#ACH

  ,EXAMPLE #AG.D-B4 #D%#D4
.>"J+9UT.PRJM*.Y+3J+9UT.PRJM"
  %.Y#%-<>>OSSIA,55"W''+9*Y+3"
 "W''+9,5%Y#%-<K

  #AG.E4 ,ANO!R ME?OD : IS "S"TS US$ IS
6WRITE ! V>IANT OR V>IANTS IMMLY AF !
ORIG9AL PASSAGE PREC$$ 0! SIGN ,'5
;2PLAC$ 2F ! F/ SIGN 3NECT$ )! V>IANT &
FOLL[$ IMMLY 0! SAME 9DIC,N AF XS LA/
SIGN4 ,IF "! >E TWO OR M V>IANTS1 EA* IS
APPROPRIATELY NUMB]$1 & IF ! PASSAGE
3TA9S M ?AN "O M1SURE1 ! NUMB] ( M1SURES
IS PLAC$ AF ! F/ ,'5 ;2IN EA* V>IANT4
   ,EXAMPLE #AG.E-A4 #D4            A#ACH
"?A<:B?A*:B ?A<$B?A*$B<K
#A5#B"?B<:L?B*:L ?B<$L?B*$L<K5
#B5#B"?L<:1?L*:1 ?L<$1?L*$1<K5
#C5#B"?1<:K?1*:K ?1<$K?1*$K<K5

  #AG.F4 ,NOTES OR SIGNS 5CLOS$ 9
P>5!SES 9 ! PR9T M/ 2 PREC$$ & FOLL[$ 0!
MUSIC P>5!SIS 7,TA# #AG74
------------------------------------#ACI
  ,EXAMPLE #AG.F-A4 #C4
.>"[+9[#0,'%,'\+0 "S'#-<K

    7,IF ! %>P 9 ! ABV EXAMPLE _H BE5
PR9T$ ABV ! NOTE1 EI ) OR )\T P>5!SES1
DOT #F 7,TA# #E7 WD H BE5 US$1 ?US3

  ,EXAMPLE #AG.F-B4 #C4
.>"[+9[#0,%\+0 "S'#-<K





              #AG.E--#AG.F          #AFC                                    #ADJ























               #AH4 ,,NU.ES          #ADA
               7,TA# #AH7

  #AH.A4 ,M>KS ( EXPRES.N REPRES5T$
0SYMBOLS 7,TA# #AH 7,A77 >E PLAC$ 2F !
NOTES A6ECT$ & MAY 2 D\#D4 7,SEE
,EXAMPLE #F.B-A47 ,EXCEP;NS 6? PRACTICE
>E ! MUSIC -MA & F]MATAS : FOLL[ ! NOTE
A6ECT$1 &! SWELL : PREC$ES X2 ^? ?REE >E
N D\#D4 ,:5 TWO OR M ( ^! SIGNS >E -B9$1
AN ORD] SIMIL> 6T 9 ! EXAMPLE 2L IS
RECOMM5D$4

  ,EXAMPLE #AH.A-A4
8.8"?<K
8;8"?<K
.8_8"?<L<K
.>'>K8.8.?#0-<K

    #AH.A.A4 ,! NOTE FOLL[+ ANY ( ^!
SIGNS DOES N REQUIRE A SPECIAL OCTAVE
M>K4
  #AH.B4 7#AA-IG7 ,! REV]S$ A35T SIGN
7,TA# #AH7 IS R>ELY US$ 9 PR9T4 ,"S BRL
              #AH4 ,NU.ES           #AFEREF];ES USE X :5 REF]R+ TO         A#ADA
8SMORZ&O04 ,IF T ^W OR ! A2REVI,N
8SMORZ40 APPE>S 9 PR9T1 X M/ 2
TRANSCRIB$ Z TEXT4 ,ONLY USE ! NEW SIGN
IF A REV]S$ A35T SIGN 7PO9T+ LEFT7 IS
PR9T$4
  #AH.C4 ,! MUSIC A/]ISK 7,TA# #AG7 IS
PLAC$ IMMLY 2F ! NOTE1 9T]VAL1 ^W OR O!R
SIGN 6: X REF]S1 &! NOTE FOLL[+ X M/ H A
SPECIAL OCTAVE M>K4 ,! A/]ISK MAY 2
FOLL[$ 0A NUMB] OR LR ?US3

             #59#A' #59;A'
------------------------------------#ADB
  ,EXAMPLE #AH.C-A4 %#D4
"!.(=RPOFED)NSTIHG(.P>59.OJ!'R (<K
3333333333333333333333333333333333
  >59 ,9 "S EDI;NS ? NOTE IS GIV5
Z ;,C4

  #AH.D4 ,EXPRES.N M>KS REPRES5T$
0A2REVIAT$ ^WS1 A FEW ( : >E GIV5 9 ,TA#
#AH 7,B7 Z SPECIM5S1 >E PLAC$ )\T ANY
9T]V5+ SPACES AT ! APPROPRIATE PO9TS 9 !
MUSIC TEXT1 &! NOTES FOLL[+ S* M>KS M/ALW H A SPECIAL OCTAVE SIGN4 ,IF   A#ADB
TWO S* 9DIC,NS O3UR 9 SU3ES.N1 ! ^W SIGN
M/ 2 US$ 2F EA*1 E4G4 ,'>P>CR'_4
    #AH.D.A4 ,X IS P]MISSI# 6PLACE S*
M>KS AT ! 5D (A L9E FOLL[$ 0! MUSIC
HYPH51 B ? %D ONLY 2 D"O :5 A GD APPE>.E
IS N O!RWISE POSSI#1 &! F/ NOTE ON !
FOLL[+ L9E M/1 ( C\RSE1 H XS SPECIAL
OCTAVE M>K4
  #AH.E4 ,! SIGNS ,'>3 ;2& ,'>4 ;2NE$ N
2 US$ IF !Y >E IMMLY FOLL[$ 0"S DEF9ITE
M>K ( 3CLU.N OR 3TRADIC;N 7SEE ,EXAMPLE
#AH.F-A 2L74 ,": !Y >E NE$$ 69DICATE !
T]M9,N (A CRESC5DO OR DECRESC5DO SYMBOL1
!Y >E BRLD .AF ! NOTE ": T]M9,N O3URS 7&
AF ALL O!R SIGNS : NORM,Y FOLL[ ! NOTE74
,AF ! USE ( EI SIGN1 ! FOLL[+ NOTE
REQUIRES AN OCTAVE M>K4
  #AH.F4 ,DOT #C %D FOLL[ ! M>K+S1
A2REVI,NS1 & ^WS 9 ,TA# #AH 7,B7 & 7,C7
2F SIGNS 7O!R ?AN ! ^W SIGN7 3TA9+ DOTS
#A1 #B1 OR #C4


              #AH.C-#AH.F           #AFG  ,EXAMPLE #AH.F-A4 #D<.C           #ADC
#J >C"[[ W>3'*"EFGFIJ >C.N??
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     >7DOLCE7>

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